29. Which of the following reactions produces a colored solution?
(A) Ca²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)
(B) Ni(s) + HCl(aq)
(C) P₄O₁₀(s) + H₂O
(D) KIO₄(s) + H₂O
(E) Zn(s) + H₃O⁺(aq)

30. The energy of the first triplet excited state is lower than that of the first singlet excited state for ethylene. What is the correct explanation for it? (A) the more unpaired electrons the more stable a molecule (B) only the singlet excited state has electron(s) in antibonding orbital(s) (C) the triplet excited state has a larger bond order (D) the wavefunction is antisymmetric with respect to electron interchange. (E) Hund's rule requires that the electrons are filled parallel first.

31. NCCH2CH2CN → H2NCCH2CH2CNH2 Which of the following terms describes a useful method of carrying out the reaction above? (A) Reduction (B) Acylation (C) Hydrolysis (D) Alkylation (E) Esterification

32. Hg2Cl2(s) + 2 NH3(aq) → HgNH2Cl(s) + Hg(l) + NH4⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the equation above? (A) Chloride ions have undergone oxidation. (B) Nitrogen in some of the ammonia molecules has been reduced and the rest of the nitrogen has been oxidized. (C) The nitrogen in all of the ammonia molecules has undergone reduction. (D) The reaction is not an oxidation-reduction reaction. (E) Mercury(I) has undergone both oxidation and reduction.

33. Which of the following best describes a key step in the mechanism for the reaction above? (A) Nucleophilic attack by a resonance-stabilized carbanion at a carbonyl carbon (B) Electrophilic attack by a Lewis acid at a carbonyl carbon (C) Free radical substitution at a carbonyl carbon (D) Carbene insertion at a carbonyl carbon (E) Nucleophilic aromatic substitution

34. If the signal-to-noise ratio for a recorded spectrum is 5, what is the signal-to-noise ratio for the average of 16 spectra recorded in the same manner? (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 20 (D) 40 (E) 80

35. An unknown organic substance of molecular formula C3H5O2Cl was found to exhibit the following spectral properties: IR: (dilute CCl4 solution) 2900 cm⁻¹ (broad)； 1710 cm⁻¹ (strong) NMR: (CCl4 solution) singlet at δ 12.0, triplet at δ 3.7, triplet at δ 2.8 Which of the following structural formulas is consistent with these data? (Please refer to the actual exam paper for the structures)

36. Which of the following statements best describes a key step in the mechanism of the reaction between benzene and bromine in the presence of FeBr3? (A) A bromide ion attacks benzene in the slow step. (B) FeBr3 forms a π-complex with benzene. (C) A complex of FeBr3 and Br2 reacts with benzene. (D) Br2 adds to a double bond of benzene. (E) In a concerted process, Br2 attacks benzene, displacing a proton and producing bromobenzene.

37. According to the 18-electron rule, which of the following compounds would be expected to be stable? (Atomic numbers: V = 23, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Ni = 28, Co = 27) (A) V(CO)5 (B) Fe(CO)5⁻ (C) Ni(CO)5 (D) Co(CO)5 (E) Mn2(CO)10

38. In reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography, the retention time of an analyte is influenced by all of the following .EXCEPT. the (A) column length (B) wavelength used in the detection (C) composition of the mobile phase (D) composition of the stationary phase (E) temperature

39. The reduction potential of the saturated calomel electrode is +0.242 V above the standard hydrogen electrode. The reduction potential of an electrode measured relative to a saturated calomel electrode is -0.694 V. What is the reduction potential of this same electrode relative to the standard hydrogen electrode? (A) -0.936 V (B) -0.452 V (C) 0.242 V (D) 0.452 V (E) 0.936 V

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