29. Which of the following would NOT illustrate ""cognitive bias"?
(A) Listening more often to information that confirms our existing beliefs.
(B) Disproving evidence that questions our beliefs.
(C) Letting an initial impression of a person influence what we think of them overall.
(D) Claiming that something must be true because it is backed up by an authoritative figure on the subject.
(E) Identifying a suspect early in an investigation before looking for confirming evidence.

30. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? (A) To reason in science is to rationalize what we believe in and justify what we want to do. (B) Scientists should test their theories by examining possible mistakes and negative findings. (C) Scientific findings nowadays are often used to rationalize researchers' views or beliefs. (D) Karl Popper's falsification model may prevent researchers from falling prey to cognitive biases. (E) Cognitive bias is the root cause of false findings in science.

31. The cold fusion episode mentioned in the final paragraph of the passage .... (A) serves as a counter example of scientists using motivated reasoning in science. (B) shows how scientific findings can sometimes be ambiguous in the 1980s. (C) explains how the scientists' misuse of energy in their experiment resulted in faulty findings. (D) is an instance of scientists ignoring data undermining their claims. (E) illustrates how asking right questions can help scientists overcome cognitive biases.

32. Which of the following will be the most suitable set of key words for this passage: (A) Cognitive bias, motivated reasoning. psychology (B) Cognitive bias. falsification. science (C) Cognitive bias. rationalization, psychology (D) Rationalization. falsification. justification (E) Rationalization. Brian Nosek, science

33. What does the author intend to do in this passage? (A) To debunk the myth of nations being limited and sovereign. (B) To illustrate the anthropological nature of a nation. (C) To demonstrate the different ways a nationhood can be imagined. (D) To explain the concept of a nation as an imagined community. (E) To specify the defining elements of an imagined community.

34. What does the expression "'in the minds of each lives the image of their communion" mean in the first paragraph? (A) They all remember the community they belong to. (B) They can see the images of other members in the same community. (C) Their comradeship lives and develops in their minds. (D) They keep a fond memory of their shared experiences. (E) They share a sense of identity and belonging.

35. What does "'this freedom" refer to in the sentence "'the gage and emblem of this freedom is the sovereign state"? (A) Freedom from divinely-ordained dynastic monarchy. (B) Freedom from physical and spiritual revolutions. (C) Freedom from religious conflicts. (D) Freedom of confronting one's religious beliefs. (E) Freedom of forming a nation.

36. Which of the following is NOT true? (A) Imagined communities are real, not fake, communities. (B) The author sees nations as imaginary constructs. (C) The nation is imagined as a limited community because there is a limit to our imagination. (D) The nationhood you feel with other Taiwanese people when our country participates in the Olympic games is an example of the work of imagination. (E) We often do not know the vast majority of the other people sharing the same imagined community.

37. Which of the following is correct about the 'inequality and exploitation" mentioned in the final paragraph of the passage? (A) They coexist with comradeship in a nation. (B) They exist in imagination. (C) They are non-existent in an imagined community. (D) They are the non-horizontal (vertical) relationships among community members. (E) They y are what drive people to willingly sacrifice themselves.

38. Which of the following best captures the meaning of "fraternity" in the final sentence of the passage? (A) Solidarity (B) Commitment (C) Imagination (D) Confrontation (E) Spirit

39. Which of the following is most likely to be considered by the author as in line with "America's preferred conception of its political traditions"? (A) Minorities have often faced constraints on their participation in the American polity. (B) Widespread and efficacious officeholding has remained difficult for white ethnic groups. (C) Political elites would respond to the demand of minorities in exchange for political donations. (D) All votes are equal and fungible. (E) Newly mobilized political forces are rarely granted the possibility of recognition they demand.

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