3 Which of the following statements about the core concepts of realism is NOT true?
(A) Both Structural Realism and Classical Realism view “power” as an end in itself rather than a means.
(B) Rather than focusing on unit-level state attributes, Structural Realism attributes state behavior to the structure of the international system.
(C) While the arguments of Classical Realism are inductive, those of Structural Realism are deductive.
(D) Emphasizing that states pursue security maximization, Waltz is widely considered a representative of Defensive Realism.

4 Which of the following statements about the 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine is NOT true? (A) The 1956 Suez Crisis resulted in a power vacuum in the Middle East. (B) It was primarily designed to prevent the strategic waterways and abundant oil resources of the Middle East from falling into the hands of Arab nationalists and the communist bloc. (C) The policy included providing economic and military assistance to nations in the Middle East, a region that consequently became a primary battlefield of the Cold War. (D) Because the Senate and the House were both held by Democratic majorities while President Eisenhower was a Republican, this doctrine failed to secure congressional approval.

5 In the US-Israel-Iran war, which began in February 2026, the United States and Israel launched large- scale airstrikes against military and strategic facilities inside Iran. In response, Iran counterattacked nearby the US military bases and blockaded the Strait of Hormuz—a global crude oil choke point—as a countermeasure. Which of the following options best aligns with the interpretation of this conflict through the lens of “Offensive Realism”? (A) Great powers, in their pursuit of absolute security and regional hegemony, tend to adopt “preventive measures” to eliminate potential strategic threats. (B) The core motivation behind the US airstrikes is to defend the international legal order and the freedom of navigation in the Middle East. (C) Iran’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz is an attempt to reshape the Middle Eastern and global trading systems through economic interdependence. (D) The outbreak of conflict between the US and Iran stems primarily from Iran’s persistent free-riding on US Middle East policy to strengthen itself.

6 Which School of International Relations claims morality to be most irrelevant in explaining the issue of war and peace? (A) Constructivism. (B) Neoliberalism. (C) Neorealism. (D) Idealism.

7 Which of the following is NOT included in the Non-tariff Barriers (NTBs) of International Trade? (A) The government offers counseling services to improve business operation. (B) Government subsidy solely based on export performance. (C) Government tightens border quarantine measures. (D) Government increases safety inspection protocols.

8 Which of the following issue areas is lacking international agreement with multilateral consensus in the international society? (A) Commercial Activities in the Outer Space. (B) Basic Human Rights. (C) Climate Change. (D) International Trade.

9 Which of the following is NOT the main factor explaining international wars in the Power Transition Theory? (A) Hostility between two states. (B) Approaching power parity. (C) The rising power dissatisfies with the status quo. (D) Two states must be territorially adjacent.

10 Which of the following statements about Constructivism is NOT true? (A) Constructivism focuses on the process of evolution or change in international politics. (B) It stresses the role of ideas in shaping the international system, contending that systemic change is driven by the practices of international relations. (C) Wendt contends that Constructivism is a systemic, structural theory of international politics. (D) In terms of epistemology, Wendt emphasizes that language or speech acts present or represent the identities and meanings constructed by knowledge and power practices, thereby he is widely identified as a post-positivist.

11 In the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty signed in 1954, which of the following territories was not included in the areas jointly defended by the two parties? (A) Penghu (Pescadores). (B) Kinmen (Quemoy). (C) Orchid Island. (D) Taiwan Island.

12 Which of the following combinations of “Western colonial power” and “country that gained independence after being colonized by that colonial power” is correct? (A) Germany—Namibia. (B) France—R.D.Congo. (C) Portugal—Burkina Faso. (D) Spain—Haiti.

13 In the mid-nineteenth century, the “Eastern Question” primarily centered on the rivalry among the great powers over territorial claims arising from the decline of which empire? (A) The Ottoman Turkish Empire. (B) The Austro-Hungarian Empire. (C) The Qing Empire. (D) The Russian Empire.

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