3. Concerning the interactions among organisms, which of the following term with its definition is NOT correct?
(A) Neutralism: neither organism benefits or is harmed.
(B) Mutualism: both organisms benefit.
(C) Competition: both organisms harm each other.
(D) Predation: one organism benefits by harming another.
(E) Amensalism: one organism benefits whereas the other is neither harmed nor helped.

24. Which of the following statements regarding the photoelectric effect is false? (A) No electrons are emitted if the incident light falls below some cutoff frequency f₀ regardless of intensity. The cutoff frequency is characteristic of the material being illuminated. (B) Electrons are emitted almost instantaneously, even at very low light intensities. (C) As the light intensity incident on the metal is increased, the electrons should be ejected with more kinetic energy. (D) The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons increases with increasing light frequency.

25. Estimate the thermal de Broglie wavelength of a hydrogen atom at 300 K: (A) 10⁻⁸ m (B) 10⁻⁹ m(C) 10⁻¹⁰ m (D) 10⁻¹¹ m.

1. Which of the following is the probable sequence in which organisms evolved? (A) Prokaryotic bacteria → eukaryotic algae → cyanobacteria → land plants (B) Eukaryotic bacteria → cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants (C) Cyanobacteria → prokaryotic bacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants (D) Cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → prokaryotic bacteria → land plants (E) Prokaryotic bacteria → cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants

2. Respiration breaks down glucose and transfers its energy to: (A) carbohydrate. (B) starch. (C) water. (D) ATP. (E) chlorophyll.

4. Oily seeds, such as peanuts, that store energy in fat molecules can convert that fat to the carbohydrates needed for growth in: (A) nuclei. (B) chloroplasts. (C) dictyosomes. (D) glyoxysomes. (E) peroxisomes.

5. Which of the following is the order of events in one cell cycle? (A) Interphase → prophase metaphase → anaphase → telophase (B) Prophase → metaphase → anaphase → telophase (C) Interphase → metaphase → anaphase → prophase → telophase (D) Prophase → metaphase → anaphase → interphase → telophase (E) Interphase → prophase → anaphase → telophase

6. Mature tracheary elements are unique in a plant because they: (A) have an elongated shape. (B) are alive and transport mainly sugars. (C) are alive and lack a nucleus. (D) have a primary wall only and are dead. (E) are dead and transport mainly water and minerals.

7. In a foliage leaf, the majority of photosynthesis occurs in the: (A) upper epidermis. (B) palisade parenchyma. (C) bundle sheath parenchyma. (D) spongy mesophyll. (E) lower epidermis.

8. If a water molecule entered a mature root at the root surface, it would cross what tissues, in their correct order, on its way to the center? (A) Epidermis, endodermis, cortex, phloem, xylem (B) Epidermis, cortex, pericycle, endodermis, phloem, xylem (C) Cortex, endodermis, phloem, pericycle, xylem (D) Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, phloem, xylem (E) Endodermis, epidermis, cortex, pericycle, phloem, xylem

9. It is likely that asexual reproduction would be more advantageous to a species than sexual reproduction under what conditions? (A) A rare late spring frost (B) An unusually severe summer drought (C) A stable climate (D) Global warming (E) Introduction of a fungal disease