3. In living cells, a process by which cells break polymers down into monomers by breaking covalent bonds is called?
(A) hydrolysis；
(B) dehydration synthesis；
(C) reproduction；
(D) All of the choices are correct.

54.失敗為成功之母，當面臨失敗、困頓時，應如何因應？(A)為自己的 失敗找更多的理由(B)深入分析失敗的原因，做為日後改善的方向 (C)過度自責、貶低自己(D)加深對失敗的恐懼。

55.歷經多次的成功之後，突然遭逢重大慘敗，應如何看待？(A)認為這只是一時的失誤，將來會有好轉的一天(B)認為過去的經驗都是成功的，持持不願面對慘敗的真相(C)認為自己的做法可能真的有問題， 並針對慘敗做深入分析，檢討過去的經驗(D)認為一定是別人的錯。

1. Glucose molecule is a(an)__? (A) triglyceride ； (B) disaccharide ； (C) polymer ； (D) carbohydrate.

2. In our diets, glucose is often covalently bonded with others in the polymer form of __ (A) a polysaccharide；(B) a fatty acid chain；(C) a triglyceride；(D) a simple sugar.

4. Which statement regarding the DNA and RNA is false? (A) DNA has a main function of storing our genetic code, while RNA is used in units to build specific proteins in a cell；(B) DNA is a long two-sided molecule while RNA is a shorter single-sided molecule；(C) DNA is a molecule that stores and regulates our genetics, while RNA is used for cellular energy storage and release for biological functions；(D)DNA and RNA share all nucleotides, except that RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine.

5. The original three tenets of the cell theory are__? (A) all organisms have DNA, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells produce proteins；(B) all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells；(C) all organisms are made of one or more cells, all cells contain DNA, and all cells come from preexisting cells；(D) all organisms have DNA, DNA is the fundamental unit of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells.

6. Which one is false about a cell membrane? (A) a rigid structure；(B) a bilayered structure；(C) composed of phospholipid molecules；(D) a fluid structure.

7. Which statement about the eukaryotic cell is correct? (A) does not have membrane-bounded organelles；(B) has a cell wall with peptidoglycan；(C) is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell；(D) has membrane-bounded organelles.

8. Penicillin suppresses bacterial infections by__? (A) stimulating a person's immune system；(B) interfering with the construction of the cell wall；(C) by causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate；(D) damaging the cell membrane.

9. Which one is the function of the nucleolus? (A) protein synthesis；(B) transport of material into and out of the nucleus；(C) assembly of mRNA；(D) assembly of components of ribosomes.