30. (A) after (B) until (C) before (D) since Taiwan is expected to have warmer-than-normal temperatures this autumn and winter because the El Niño weather pattern is strengthening. El Niño (31) an unusually (32) typhoon season, with 14 typhoons or tropical storms forming in the Northwest Pacific in July and August, (33) an average of 9.3. Taiwan experienced slightly higher temperatures than usual during July and August, while rainfall was about 20% above average. From September to November, a normal number of typhoons is expected to form, but (34) may pass close to Taiwan. However, Taiwan usually experiences one or two typhoons each autumn. The Central Weather Administration also expects the warmer weather to continue into spring 2027, (35) more rainfall likely at the beginning of next year.

35. (A) but (B) for (C) while (D) with 四、閱讀測驗 As the global population is projected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, traditional agriculture faces unprecedented challenges. Climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation are making it increasingly difficult to grow enough food using conventional farming methods. In response to these pressing issues, vertical farming has emerged as a promising alternative. Vertical farming involves growing crops in stacked layers, often within controlled indoor environments such as abandoned warehouses or large shipping containers. By utilizing advanced technologies like hydroponics (growing plants in nutrient-rich water instead of soil) and automated LED lighting, these farms can operate year-round regardless of outside weather conditions. This innovative method uses up to 90% less water than traditional farming and nearly eliminates the need for harmful chemical pesticides. Furthermore, vertical farms are typically located in or near urban centers, significantly reducing the distance that food must travel to reach consumers. This localized approach not only cuts down on transportation emissions but also ensures that city dwellers have access to fresher produce with a longer shelf life. Despite its numerous advantages, the vertical farming industry is not without its drawbacks. The primary hurdle is the massive energy consumption required to power the artificial lighting and climate control systems 24/7. High initial setup costs also prevent many small-scale farmers from adopting this technology. However, as renewable energy becomes more affordable and technology advances, experts remain optimistic that vertical farming will play a crucial role in the future of global food security.

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