31. Sister chromatids separate during
(A) prophase of meiosis I.
(B) metaphase of meiosis I.
(C)metaphase of meiosis II.
(D) prometaphase of meiosis I.
(E) anaphase of meiosis II.

27. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (A) are long RNA molecules. (B) promotes post-translational modification of proteins. (C)are found only in animals. (D) are cut by an enzyme called transcriptase. (E) silence the expression of specific mRNAs.

28. Which of these hormone-effect pairs is mismatched? (A) growth hormone-linear growth (B) glucagon-blood pressure (C)aldosterone-blood osmolality (D) thyroid hormone-metabolism (E) glucagon-glucose regulation

29. Alternation of generations means (A) One phase of the life cycle takes place on land and the other in water. (B) One phase of the life cycle is photosynthetic and the other is heterotrophic. (C)One phase of the life cycle is diploid and the other is haploid. (D) One phase of the life cycle is unicellular and the other is multicellular. (E) One phase of the life cycle is motile and the other is stationary.

30. The tracheae of adult terrestrial insects have been a factor in the great abundance of insects because they serve the same function in terms of the delivery of respiratory gases to the cells as do (A) the gills of aquatic insects. (B) the lungs of mammals. (C)the book lungs of spiders. (D) the closed circulatory system of cephalopods. (E) the Malpighian tubules of spiders.

32. The nearest living relatives of crocodiles and alligators are (A) snakes. (B) birds. (C)turtles. (D) lizards. (E) manatees.

33. Collagen is most likely found in which tissue type? (A) Nervous (B) Muscle (C) Epithelial (D) Connective (E) Epithelial and connective tissue

34. What is the function of the poly A tail? (A) The poly A tail is required for the termination of translation, it is recognized by the release factor proteins (B) The poly A tail is required for the mRNA to resume its double helical structure (C)The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in eukaryotes. (D) The poly A tail increases mRNA stability in prokaryotes. (E) The poly A tail serves as a termination sequence for RNA polymerase III.

35. Parathyroid hormone's main function is to (A) increase glucose mobilization during stress or fasting. (B) increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone. (C)increase sodium through reabsorption from kidney. (D) increase insulin-like growth factor I and linear body growth. (E) synergize with thyroid hormone in various functions.

36. Which of the choices lists the three phases of the ovarian cycle in the correct order? (A) follicular, luteal, ovulation (B) follicular, proliferative, secretory (C)luteal, ovulation, secretory (D) luteal, secretory, ovulation (E) follicular, ovulation, luteal

37. Which of the following components of a virus is not encoded by its own genome? (A) capsid (B) lipid bilayer of viral envelope (C) spike glycoproteins of viral envelope (D) bacteriophage anchoring structures (E) tail fibers