31. Which of the following is not considered a plant organ?

(A) leaf

(B) stem

(C) root

(D) flower

(E) seed

32. If a plant is bending towards the light, one would expect which enzymes to have increased in activity?(A) auxins(B) gibberellins(C) wall-loosening enzymes(D) ethylene(E) None of these is correct

33. Which one of the following is the best explanation for why plants may use active rather than passive transport?(A) The phospholipid bilayer is not formed.(B) Protein channels are plugged.(C) Development of pores has not occurred.(D) Membrane potential is blocked.(E) Solute concentration is a factor.

34. Nervous tissue consists mainly of what two major types of cell?(A) microglia and Schwann cells(B) glial cells and neurons(C) Schwann cells and glial cells(D) neurons and oligodentrocytes(E) sensory neurons and motor neurons

35. What stops the rapid depolarization that occurs as the "upsweep" of membrane potential peaks during the action potential? (A) Closing of the voltage-gated K+ channel inactivation gate. (B) Closing of the voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gate. (C) Closing of the Na+ channel inactivation gate and closing of the K+ channel inactivation gate. (D) Opening of the K+ channel gate and closing of the Na+ channel inactivation gate. (E) Opening of the Na+ channel gate and closing of the K+ channel inactivation gate.

36. Damage to the cerebellum could result in which of the following?(A) loss of melatonin secretion and circadian rhythms(B) loss of face cells to recognize the face of same species(C) loss of coordination of body movements(D) loss of taste sensation(E) diminished thermoreceptive sensation

37. Which of the following regions of the human brain is critically important for controlling heart rate and breathing?(A) medulla oblongata(B) cerebellum(C) thalamus(D) amygdala(E) cerebral cortex

38. The vessels that carry blood away from the heart in a closed circulatory system are referred to as(A) arteries.(B) veins.(C) capillaries.(D) sinuses.(E) auxiliary hearts.

39. The spread of an action potential through heart tissue is made possible by(A) gap junctions.(B) tight junctions.(C) a network of neurons in the heart.(D) myogenic junctions.(E) synaptic clefts.

40. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood of humans is transported(A) as dissolved CO2 in plasma.(B) as bicarbonate ion in plasma.(C) attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells.(D) attached to hemoglobin in plasma.(E) as carbonic acid.

41. Which of the following gives the correct rank order for relative amount of water (most to least) required for excretion of the primary nitrogenous wastes used by different animals?(A) urea → ammonia → uric acid(B) uric acid → ammonia → urea(C) urea → uric acid → ammonia(D) ammonia → uric acid → urea(E) ammonia → urea → uric acid

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