32. Meiotic recombination is initiated at
(A) Late interphase
(B) Early to mid prophase
(C) Mid to late prophase
(D) The appearance of chiasmata
(E)

1. Which of the following statements is not true about the rho-dependent termination? (A) Rho-dependent terminators consist of an inverted repeat followed immediately by a T-rich region in the non-template strand of the gene. (B) Rho is a hexamer of identical subunits, each of which has ATPase activity. (C) Rho has RNA-DNA helicase activity. (D) Rho is able to bind to RNA at a rho loading site. (E) Rho causes production of shorter transcripts.

2. Which of the following descriptions about infection of E. coli by phage λ is     not correct    ? (A) The cro gene is stimulated during the lytic cycle of λ infection. (B) CII protects CIII against cellular proteases and thus is important for lytic cycle induction during λ infection. (C) N is an antiterminator that permits RNA polymerase to ignore the terminators at the ends of the immediate early genes and continue transcribing into the delayed early genes. (D) Q is an anti-terminator which permits transcription of the late genes during the lytic cycle of infection. (E) λ repressor can stimulate its own synthesis by activating (a promoter for repressor maintenance).

3. A DNA sequence to which RNA polymerase binds prior to initiation of transcription is called ______. (A) Enhancer (B) Riboswitch (C) Promoter (D) Operator (E) Suppressor

4. Which of the following techniques is most useful in measuring the dissociation rate of the RNA polymerase-DNA complex? (A) DNase footprinting experiment. (B) Density gradient centrifugation. (C) Run-off transcription assay. (D) DMS footprinting experiment. (E) Filter binding assay.

5. Which of the following statements is     true     about a lac operon with this genotype? (: a mutant repressor gene whose product cannot bind inducer) (A) The mutation is recessive. (B) The operon is uninducible. (C) The mutation is trans-dominant. (D) The operon is nonrepressible. (E) None of the choices is correct.

6. Select the     correct     statement about Up elements? (A) They are proteins that promote transcription of RNA. (B) They stimulate the binding of repressor to DNA. (C) They are nonpromoter DNA elements. (D) They are recognized by the α-subunit C-terminal domain and allow extra strong interaction between polymerase and promoter. (E) They are usually found downstream of the genes they influence.

7. From the study of a crystal structure, a trigger loop is revealed in eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. What is the possible function of the trigger loop? (A) The trigger loop may initiate the dissociation of the RNA-DNA hybrid during transcription. (B) The trigger loop presumably stabilizes the substrate association with the active site of RNA polymerase II, and is involved in nucleotide selection against improper nucleotides. (C) The trigger loop is involved in maintaining dissociation of the RNA-DNA hybrid during transcription. (D) The trigger loop is used to maintain dissociation of template DNA (i.e. transcription bubble) during transcription. (E) The trigger loop is important for removing the misincorporated nucleotide during transcription.

複選題8. Which statement is     true     for eukaryotic RNA polymerases? (A) RNA polymerase III is found in nucleolus to make precursor to tRNAs. (B) RNA polymerase II is insensitive to the toxin alpha-amanitin. (C) Yeast Rpb1, Rpb2 and Rpb7 are core subunits of RNA polymerase II, and are absolutely required for the enzyme activity. (D) In yeast, Rpb5 and Rpb6 are two of the common subunits that are found in all three RNA polymerases. (E) RNA polymerase I is responsible for making heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA).

複選題9. Please choose one     correct     answer from the following statements related to general transcription factors in eukaryotes. (A) In eukaryotic transcription, TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) binds to the major groove of the TATA box and forces DNA to bend. (B) From structural studies on a TFIIB-RNA polymerase II complex, TFIIB binds to TBP at the TATA box via its C-terminal domain and to RNA polymerase II via its N-terminal domain. (C) Both TFIIE and TFIIH are required for transcription initiation and elongation, but not for promoter clearance. (D) TFIIS has a DNA helicase activity that is important for eukaryotic transcription initiation. (E) TBP is only required for transcription of genes regulated by RNA polymerase II.

10. Bacterial restriction and modification (RM) systems are important for performing DNA cloning. Please choose one     correct     answer for 4 different types of RM systems. (A) In the type II system, restriction and modification are mediated by the same enzyme with two different subunits, one for recognition and modification, and another one for DNA cleavage. (B) The type III system contains the methyltransferase and endonuclease that are encoded as two separate proteins and act independently. (C) The type I system contains two different enzymes; both of them recognize the same target DNA sequence and either cleave or modify the recognition sequence. (D) In the type II system, one enzyme contains several different subunits that are independently responsible for DNA recognition, cleavage or methylation. (E) The restriction enzymes in the Type II system do not need cofactors such as ATP; therefore, they are commonly used for DNA digestion in DNA cloning experiments.

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