36. What are minimal features of yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC)?

1. Centromere 

2. Promoter

3. Coding genes 

4. Telomere 

5. Replication origin
(A) 1, 2,3
(B) 1,4,5
(C) 2,3
(D) 1,4
(E) 1,2,3,4

32. What statement of transposon is INCORRECT? (A) Transposable elements make up a large fraction of the genome in eukaryotic cells (B) Retrotransposons (Class I) are transcribed from DNA to RNA, and the RNA is then reversed transcribed to DNA (C) DNA transposons (Class II) function via reverse transcription (D) DNA transposons encode the protein transposase (E) A DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome

33. What statement of non-coding RNA is INCORRECT? (A) miRNA, piRNA and ribosomal RNAs are non-coding RNAs (B) The size of long non-coding RNA is above 200 bp (C) Non-coding RNAs are not found in prokaryotes (D) Genes encoding non-coding RNAs are not as conserved as coding genes (E) Non-coding RNAs can regulate gene expression

34. What statement of mitosis is INCORRECT? (A) Prophase-chromatin fibers condense into chromosomes (B) Prometaphase-microtubes begin to search and attach to kinetochores (C) Metaphase--chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate (D) Anaphase-the cohesins that bind sister chromatids together are cleaved (E) The mitosis phase is a relatively long period of the cell cycle

35. Which of the following is a neurotransmitter? (A) Glutamate (B) GABA (C) Acetylcholine (D) Dopamine (E) All of above

37. Which statement of DNA replication is INCORRECT? (A) Okazaki fragments are short DNA fragments that bind to lagging strand (B) Primase add RNA primers onto lagging strand (C) DNA ligase I connects Okazaki fragments (D) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase in eukaryotic cells (E) Flap endonuclease 1 (FENI) is responsible for removing RNA primer of an Okazaki fragment

38. What statement of mitochondrion is INCORRECT? (A) Mitochondrial DNA is circular (B) A double-membrane-bound organelle (C) Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from mother (D) ATP is produced by oxidizing pyruvate and NADH in mitochondria (E) One mitochondrion only contains one copy of its DNA

39. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have ________ transmembrane-domains. When the GPCR binds to a ligand, it activates an associated G protein by exchanging the ________ bound to the G protein for a ________. (A) Seven, GTP, GDP (B) Five, GTP, GDP (C) Seven, GDP, GTP (D) Five, GDP, GTP (E) Three, GTP, GDP

40. Which of the following is not involved in RNA splicing? (A)UI RNA (B) Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (C) Ribozyme (D) Transesterification (E) Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

1. Cytosolic proteins are anchored to the plasma membrane by? (1) prenylation (2) S-nitrosylation (3) farnesylation (4) myristoylation (A) (1), (2) or (3) (B) (1), (2) or (4) (C) (1) (3) or (4) (D) (2), (3) or (4) (E) (1), (2), (3) or (4)

2. Which of the following statements regarding cytoskeleton is correct? (1) The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is supported by microtubules.  (2) Within an actin filament, each actin subunit is surrounded by 4 neighboring actin subunits. (3) In cells, the y-tubulin ring complex is found at the microtubule (+) end. (A) (1) (B) (2) (C) (3) (D) (1) and (2) (E) (2) and (3)