37. When you accidentally drip-infused an additional 250 mL of normal saline to a healthy individual. his body removed the additional fluid via the activation of:
(A) Atrial natriuretic peptide system
(B) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(C) Antidiuretic hormone system
(D) Sympathetic system
(E) None of the above

33. Which of the following is absent from the wall of small-diameter (~ 1 mm) bronchioles? (A) Epithelium (B) Cartilage (C) Smooth muscle (D) Blood vessels (E) Elastic fiber

34. What is the general sequential steps of human urine production? (A) Filtration→ secretion → reabsorption → excretion (B) Secretion→ filtration → reabsorption → excretion (C) Secretion → reabsorption filtration → excretion (D) Filtration → reabsorption → secretion → excretion (E) Filtration→ excretion→ secretion → reabsorption

35. The sudden surge of ________a few hours before ovulation changes the enzymatic activities of theca externa cells and alters the tunica albuginea on the Graaffian follicle, leading to the eventual ovulation. (A) FSH (B) inhibin (C) estradiol (D) LH (E) testosterone

36. Forward left heart failure will cause which of the following? (A) Reduced cardiac output (B) Pulmonary edema (C) Reduced urine output (D) Edema at lower limbs(E) All of the above

38. After stabilizing this patient via the emergency trauma surgeries, which of the following in this patient could be expected in the next 24-48 hours? (A) Increase in basophil percentage beyond 5% (B) Increase in cosinophil percentage beyond 10% (C) Increase in reticulocytes percentage beyond 3.5% (D) Megakaryocytes would be detected in the peripheral blood (E) Macrophages could be detected in the peripheral blood

複選題39. After the emergency surgeries, the plasma potassium level of this patient appeared slightly higher than the normal level of 5.5 mEq/L.What might this patient experience most noticeably? (A) Muscle weakness (B) Tachycardia (C) Bradycardia (D) Diarrhea (E) GERD

40. A man fell from a 1.5 m high platform and bumped the right side of his head directly against the concrete floor. Shortly after the incident, he appeared confused, unsure of his location, time of the day, and the events leading to his fall. He also complained about headaches on his right side. The horizontal CT scan of his head showed a lens-shaped radiopaque inside the right temporal cranium. This patient likely suffered from: (A) skin abrasion (B) subcutaneous bruises (C) epidural hematoma (D) subdural hematoma (E) subarachnoid hemorrhage

41. Which of the following statements about MHC I proteins is true? (A) They are found primarily on immune system cells. (B) They protect a developing fetus from the immune system of mother. (C) They are found on the surface of most mammalian cells. (D) They are antibodies. (E) All of the above are true.

42. Which of the following is the visual evidence of genetic recombination during meiosis? (A) Centromeres (B) Synaptonemal complexes (C) Chiasmata (D) Secondary constrictions (E) Mitotic spindle

43. Mammals are homeostatic for all of the following EXCEPT (A) Body temperature (B) Blood glucose concentration (C) Blood pH (D) Metabolic rate (E) Blood calcium concentration