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(A) truncating
(B) liberating
(C) submitting
(D) probing

What is the main topic of the passage? (A) Sound changes that have occurred in language (B) A theory of sound change (C) Some exceptions to the rule of sound change (D) Some reasons for sound change

Leskien developed the term ―sound law‖ because he believed that (A) sounds change in a certain pattern without exception (B) amendments were needed to existing sound change theories (C) physical laws should not be applied to linguistic theory (D) a general law and several qualifiers could explain sound change

The author of the passage implies that regular sound change is caused by (A) knowledge of linguistic and physical laws (B) new pronunciations being proposed by linguists (C) influence from foreign languages (D) structural forces within language

It can be inferred from the passage that (A) linguists cannot observe sound change in language today (B) linguists feel that language laws have changed more in recent years than in the past (C) a language will sound different in five centuries than it does now (D) all languages eventually die out

What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Literature helps immerse English learners in their new language. (B) Both school and classroom libraries encourage children to read more frequently. (C) Teachers and librarians need to take account of specific factors when they choose books for English learners. (D) English learners need to be exposed to various styles of writing and patterns of text.

What can be inferred from Roser et al.’s study in Texas? (A) All schools benefited from the integration of literature and related instructional strategies into the language arts block. (B) The participating students in the study were ESL (English as a second language) students. Most, if not all, were of Hispanic origin. (C) The study yielded significant implications for selecting appropriate books for American students. (D) The students’ improvement in scores on the state-mandated basic skills test can be attributed to the inclusion of classroom libraries.

The word integral in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) consequent (B) integrated (C) essential (D) exclusive

The article proposes several criteria for teachers and librarians when they choose books for English learners EXCEPT: (A) Students should be familiar with the concept or topic of the story. (B) Students should be provided with a quality classroom library. (C) Beginning English learners benefit from books with simple and direct language as well as abundant visual support from book illustrations. (D) English learners need to be exposed to various genres and patterns of writing.

The first sentence of passage one contains an element of (A) self-deprecation (B) legend (C) melancholy (D) paradox

By calling America an ―imaginary country‖ the author of passage two implies that (A) America has been the subject of numerous works for children. (B) he has never seen America. (C) his childhood vision of that country owed nothing to actual conditions. (D) America has stimulated his imagination.

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