39. Antigen-presenting cells include
(A)macrophages.
(B)macrophages and B cells.
(C)dendritic cells and macrophages.
(D) dendritic cells and B cells.
(E) macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.

35. Parathyroid hormone's main function is to (A)increase glucose mobilization during stress or fasting. (B)increase calcium by mobilizing the ion from bone. (C)increase sodium through reabsorption from kidney. (D) increase insulin-like growth factor I and linear body growth. (E) synergize with thyroid hormone in various functions.

36. Which of the choices lists the three phases of the ovarian cycle in the correct order? (A)follicular, luteal, ovulation (B)follicular, proliferative, secretory (C)luteal, ovulation, secretory (D) luteal, secretory, ovulation (E) follicular, ovulation, luteal

37. Which of the following components of a virus is not encoded by its own genome? (A)capsid (B)lipid bilayer of viral envelope (C)spike glycoproteins of viral envelope (D) bacteriophage anchoring structures (E) tail fibers

38. Place the events of parturition in the correct order. (1) Stretch-sensitive neurons send signals to the hypothalamus. (2) Oxytocin receptors increase in the uterus. (3) Prostaglandin levels increase. (4) Estradiol levels increase. (5) Oxytocin levels increase. (6) Uterine muscles start to contract. (A)1,2,4,5,3,6 (B)4,2,1,5,6,3 (C)5,2,4,1,3,6 (D) 1,6,4,2,5,3 (E) 4,3,1,2,5,6

40. Several butterfly species that are edible to birds have very similar color patterns to the generally inedible monarch butterfly. This is best described as an example of what? (A)Batesian mimicry (B)Müllerian mimicry (C)Crypsis (D) Intimidation (E) aposematic coloration

41. Which of the following germ layer-structure is mismatched? (A)mesoderm-notochord (B)endoderm-lungs or respiratory tube (C)ectoderm-epidermis (D) mesoderm-digestive tract (E) ectoderm-brain

42. The seeds of many plant species are dispersed by a harmless temporary attachment to an animal's fur or feathers. This form of dispersal can be classified as (A)ectoparasitism. (B)amensalism. (C)mutualism. (D) pollination. (E) phoresy.

43. Which of these types of islands is predicted to have the lowest number of species? (A)small island near mainland (B)large island near mainland (C)large island far from mainland (D) small island far from mainland (E) the island closest to mainland regardless of size

44. Primary production is generally highest in (A)tundra. (B)desert. (C)wetlands. (D) tropical rain forests. (E) tropical oceans.

45. DNA methylation (A)increases transcription. (B)inhibits transcription. (C)increases crossover events. (D) decreases crossover events. (E) promotes post-translational modification of proteins.