39. Upon the initial infection of a host cell by bacteriophage λ, the first two proteins produced from expression of the phage genome are:
(A) cI and cII
(B) N and cI
(C) N and Cro
(D) Cro and cl

40. The int/xis encoded enzyme of bacteriophage λ is required to: (A) excise the prophage from the host genome. (B) degrade phage mRNA during lysogenic growth. (C) bypass terminator structures downstream from the N and Cro genes. (D) combine multiple DNA segments to make new genes.

41. Ribosomal proteins that can act as translational repressors: (A) are not encoded by the same mRNA that they repress. (B) bind to a site on the mRNA near the start site of one gene in the operon. (C) bind to its mRNA with higher affinity than to the appropriate rRNA molecule. (D) bind to the mRNA when sensing that levels of r-protein are low relative to rRNA.

42. How does the RecA protein contribute to the increased expression of SOS genes? (A) RecA protein competes with LexA protein for binding to the operator sequences. (B) RecA protein binds to LexA protein bound to the operator, directly lowering the affinity of LexA protein for DNA. (C) RecA protein binds to free LexA protein, mediating the self-cleavage of the repressor. (D) RecA protein binding to the promoter region recruits RNA polymerase.

43.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a riboswitch? (A) They are structures that exist in the 5' untranslated region of some mRNA molecules. (B) They exert gene expression control only at the level of translation. (C) They physically bind to small-molecule metabolites. (D) Ligand-binding to the riboswitch can sequester the Shine-Delgarno sequence.

44. Which of the following is NOT true of the regulation of the arabinose operon? (A) CRP activates expression when bound to cAMP. (B) AraC protein recruits RNA polymerase when bound to arabinose. (C) Arabinose binds to AraC protein, decreasing its affinity for a DNA site near the promoter. (D) Arabinose binding alters the conformation of the dimerization domain of the AraC protein.

45. Catabolite repression of the lac operon restricts expression when: (A) glucose is absent. (B) lactose is absent. (C) glucose is present. (D) lactose is present.

46. The binding of______________ to the Lac repressor causes the protein to dissociate from the operator. (A) lactose (B) glucose (C) fructose (D) allolactose

47. Which of the following is NOT true of the imprinting of the mammalian gene for insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2)? (A) CTCF binds to the methylated IGF2 gene insulator. (B) IGF2 gene is activated when the insulator is methylated. (C) The maternally inherited copy of IGF2 is normally repressed in egg cells. (D) The insulator of both the paternal and maternal IGF2 alleles lies between the promoter and the enhancer.

48. DNA microarrays have made a huge impact on genomic studies because they (A) dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes. (B) can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. (C) allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in the genome to be compared at once. (D) allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time.

49. The upstream activator sequences (UASs) of yeast are analogous to____________ in higher eukaryotes. (A) Promoters (B) TATA boxes (C) operators (D) enhancers

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