40. According to the passage, what will happen if people change their bad eating habits? (A) They can be sure of avoiding chronic diseases. (B) They can receive the best medical care. (C) They can indeed drop a few kilograms. (D) They can decrease the risk of health problems. ▲閱讀下文，回答第 41 – 45 題 Animal testing is regarded as the foundation of scientific research and treatment of disease. It is the use of animals in scientific experimentation. Statistics show that in laboratories run by either industry or government, 50 to 100 million animals are used and killed every year. The public, however, has raised an outcry over these deaths, and started the animal rights movement after they read vivid reports of cruelty. The documents they have compiled include cases in which dogs were exposed to radiation or chemicals until they bled from the mouth or monkeys were isolated in steel tanks for 45 days due to the experimental purposes. Although scientists argue that such incidents are unusual cases, laws have been passed to regulate the animal experimentation. These days, many research centers have formed committees to review all animal experiments proposed by the researchers. Besides, computers are used to replace animals in many experiments. Scientists, however, point out that they need animals to test new drugs and treatments in order to make sure they are safe for human beings. So far, animal experiments have produced vaccines or treatments for diseases like diabetes, and techniques used in heart surgery. To protect the animals from cruel treatment, animal rights activists have vowed to do whatever they can to protect the animals, and their efforts finally have been paid off. The animal rights movement has achieved some successes. Some countries have passed laws to prohibit pounds, places that accept dogs and cats without homes, from selling animals to research laboratories. Scientists claim that the cost of their research will increase, as a result. Although the question about how to strike a balance between humane treatment of living things and advances in disease treatment has not been solved, one thing for sure is that there will be more restrictions placed on the use of animals in scientific experiments.

45. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the animal rights movement? (A) Animal rights activists are trying different approaches to accomplish their goals. (B) The animal rights movement is supported mostly by people who dislike scientists. (C) Animal rights activists are more interested in protecting dogs than any other animals. (D) Animal rights activists are not very successful in passing laws to protect animals. ▲閱讀下文，回答第 46 – 50 題 Is vitamin E the key to good health — preventing cancer, heart disease, and ulcers, relieving the pain of arthritis, as well as producing glowing skin, good eyesight, and other benefits? Studies have yielded contradictory findings and so far no scientific proof has been possible for any of these claims. Vitamin E is present mostly in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, whole grains, and leafy vegetables. Broccoli, tomato sauce, red peppers, carrots, and some fish are also good sources. Some vitamin E is lost in the cooking process, but not a really significant amount. According to critics of “vitamin medicine,” anyone who eats a good balanced diet has no need for vitamin E supplements. In animals, shortage of vitamin E causes sudden and obvious changes. Chickens deprived of vitamin E develop muscular weakness. Calves whose diets contain inadequate amounts of vitamin E develop heart disease. Rats that are deprived of vitamin E develop liver degeneration. Nor do they grow as quickly as healthy rats. But in humans, with one exception, there are no symptoms of any kind connected with a vitamin E deficiency. Premature infants who lack proper amounts of vitamin E sometimes develop anemia or skin rashes, but any symptoms caused by this deficiency in adult humans are either too insignificant to appear in normal tests or are simply nonexistent. A study followed subjects who maintained low vitamin E diets for six years and discovered no effects of the diets on the subjects at all. People including researchers, hold markedly different beliefs about vitamin E supplements. Some doctors take vitamin E, but don’t recommend it for their patients. Some do the reverse. Some experts think there have been too many vitamin E studies and say it’s time to quit expecting health benefits. Others say nearly all the research has been flawed and recommend starting afresh using even higher doses of vitamin E or different forms of it. The supplements industry has, of course, continued to urge people to take vitamin E supplements. However, experts say that the use and intake of vitamin E has traditionally been thought of in terms of overt vitamin E deficiency. Much less research has been done on the levels that can help create optimum health. This issue is of special importance with modern populations that have very different diets, activity levels and increased life span. You can add vitamin E pills to your morning routine if you like, but the simple fact is that almost everyone who eats a balanced diet is extremely unlikely to have a vitamin E deficiency. Thus, there is no plausible benefit to vitamin E supplementation for general health or wellness.

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