40. The chemical structure of prostaglandins is derived from______.
(A) oligosaccharides
(B) fatty acids
(C)steroids
(D) amino acids

36. Which answer best describes how roots acidify the soil solution? (A) Roots release CO2 and pump K+ into the soil. (B) Roots release CO2 and pump H+ into the soil. (C) Roots release NaCl and pump Nat into the soil. (D) Roots release NaCl and pump Cl- into the soil.

37. The part of a flower that can develop into the pulp of a fleshy fruit is______. (A) stigma (B) style (C) ovule (D) ovary

38. The primary sites of auxin (IAA) production in plants are______. (A) shoot apical meristem and young leaves (B) roots (C)seeds (D) ripening fruits

39. The hypothalamus in the brain releases the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. ACTH travels through the blood to cause the release of cortisol from the cortex of the adrenal glands. If cortisol acts with negative feedback on CRH and ACTH, what would you expect to happen when cortisol is released? (A) CRH and ACTH levels will decrease (B) CRH levels will increase, but ACTH levels will decrease (C) CRH levels will decrease, but ACTH levels will increase (D) CRH and ACTH levels will increase

41. It is important for pregnant women to consume folic acid supplements because______.  (A) the fetus is not able to acquire oxygen by breathing on its own (B) the fetus stores folic acid in high quantities (C)folic acid deprivation is associated with neural tube defects in a fetus (D) folic acid deprivation is a cause of heart abnormalities in a newborn

複選題42. Consider the following reaction. Which of the following would happen if the pH of the blood was decreased?(A)the amount of carbon dioxide would increase (B)the bicarbonate concentration in the blood would increase (C)the amount of oxygen in the blood will decrease (D) the amount of protons in the blood will increase

43. In animals, the catabolism of which molecules contributes most to the production of nitrogenous wastes? (A)starch and cellulose (B) triglycerides and steroids (C) proteins and nucleic acids (D) phospholipids and glycolipids

44. Green algae differ from land plants in that many green algae_______. (A) have alternation of generations (B) have plastids (C) are unicellular (D) have cell walls containing cellulose

45. Retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, plays a key role in vertebrate development, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid normally binds to the RAR receptor to initiate changes in gene expression. Researchers have determined that one type of RAR receptor is found at high levels in muscles, but is not found at all in neurons. How can you explain these findings? (A) Muscle cells, but not neurons, contain the gene for the RAR receptor. (B) The RAR receptor gene is expressed in muscle cells but not neurons. (C) Neurons can produce retinoic acid, so they do not need RARs for development. (D) RAR transcripts are hydrolyzed by lysosomes in neurons but not in muscle cells.

46. Vertebrate immune cells, which are phagocytic, include which of the following? I neutrophils； II) macrophages； III) dendritic cells； IV) natural killer cells (A) I and III only (B) II and IV only (C) I and IV only (D) I, II, and III