41. The author points out five factors which can intervene to prevent a group from being represented in office in relation to its proportion of the population. Which one of these factors refers to the right of suffrage?
(A) Enfranchisement
(B) Mobilization
(C) Spatial concentration
(D) Favorable districts
(E) Coalitions

42. Based upon the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? (A) Responsive pluralism is a proper framework for an analysis of political representation in the United States (B) Minority advancement in officeholding has been hampered by stratified pluralism (C) Political elites have always been willing to form a coalition with any group possessive of votes (D) Even if the democratic rights of citizenship were not formally recognized by the polity, racial minorities were still able to compete as players in the electoral arena. (E) Ever since the democratic rights of citizenship were formally recognized by the polity, there have been widespread and efficacious minority officeholding.

43. Which of the following does NOT agree with the author's observation of political representation in the U.S.? (A) Some white voters still refused to vote for minority candidates. (B) White votes, as a commodity to be exchanged for public goods, were considered as more fungible and more desirable. (C) Members of racial minorities have often experienced restrictions on their participation in the American polity. (D) The situation of political representation for racial minorities is different from that for the white ethnic groups. (E) Stratified pluralism has resulted in widespread and efficacious minority officeholding

44. Which of the following best captures the meaning of"coalition" in paragraph 1? (A) Collusion (B) Collision (C) Alliance (D) Relation (E) Meeting

45. Based upon the passage, with which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?  I. When addressing social justice, it is imperative to consider whether the attitudes and positions of persons, and persons themselves, are just or unjust.  II. Particular actions of many kinds, including decisions, judgements, and imputations, are not the primary subject of justice.  III. How fundamental duties and rights are assigned are important for the achievement of social justice.(A) I, II, and IIl(B) I and II only(C) II and III only(D) I and Ill only(E) III only

46. Based upon the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to reproduce what the author describes as "'especially deep inequalities" (A) Racism (B) Meritocracy (C) Feudalism (D) Misogyny (E) Aristocracy

47. The monogamous family refers to the family which (A) is built upon a relationship with only one partner at a time. (B) is formed by family members of one identical ethnic origin. (C) has its youngsters grow up in a monolingual environment. (D) has no experience of relocations. (E)has a homosexual couple as the parents.

48. Based on the passage, it could be inferred that a person's outlook (A) has nothing to do with the basic structure of society. (B) determines his social position. (C) is influenced by the major social institutions. (D) reflects his or her attitudes toward justice. (E) only depends on his merit or desert.

49. Based upon the passage, it is most likely the author would agree with which of the following statements? I. Inequalities produced by major social institutions are probably unavoidable. II. The political system has profound effects on a person's chances in life from the very beginning. III. The principles of social justice must apply to the inequalities in the basic structure of society in the first instance. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) II and Ill only (E) I, II and IIl

50. According to the author, the justice of a social scheme primordially depends on which of the following? I. the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties II. advantages from social cooperation Ⅲ. the economic opportunities and social conditions in the various sectors of society (A) I only (B) I and II only (C) Il and I'll only (D) I and III only (E) I, II and IIl

1. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal reversible expansion at 300 K. During this process, the system absorbs 450 J of heat from the surroundings. When this gas is compressed to the initial state in one step isothermally, twice as much work is done on the system as was performed on the surroundings during the expansion. Which of the following statements about these processes are correct?I. for the one-step isothermal compression is 1.5 J/K. II. for the one-step isothermal compression is 3.0 J/K. III. for the reversible isothermal expansion is zero. IV. for the overall process (expansion and compression) is zero. V. for the overall process (expansion and compression) is -1.5 J/K. (A)I,II (B)Ⅱ,Ⅲ(C)Ⅱ,Ⅲ,IV(D)Ⅱ，Ⅲ，V (E)I,IV,V

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