43.Which of the following exemplifies a top-down listening activity in language learning?
(A) Learners are required to distinguish between individual speech sounds, paying particular attention to minimal pairs that differ by only a single phoneme.
(B) Learners rely on prior knowledge, contextual cues, and inferential reasoning to interpret meaning from spoken material that is not explicitly stated.
(C) Learners are tasked with segmenting continuous speech into its constituent sounds, focusing on phonemic boundaries and connected speech phenomena.
(D) Learners are asked to analyze and identify the various stress patterns and intonation features present throughout the spoken text.