44. In alternation of generations, what is the diploid stage of a plant that follows fertilization called?
(A)chiasmata
(B)sporophyte
(C)karyotype
(D)gametophyte
(E)spore

40. Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt _______(A)regulation of body temperature. (B)sorting of sensory information. (C)short‐term memory. (D)executive functions, such as decision making. (E)photosensitive

41. In his breeding experiments, Mendel first crossed true‐breeding plants to produce a second generation, which were then allowed to self‐pollinate to generate the offspring. How do we name these three generations? (A)P1, P2, and F (B)P1, P2, and P3 (C)P, F1, and F2 (D)F1, F2, and F3 (E)F, P1, and P2

42. What is an allele? (A)the dominant form of a gene (B)the recessive form of a gene (C)a type of chromosome (D)a variety of pea plant used by Mendel (E)an alternative version of a gene

43. You cross a true‐breeding, red‐flowered snapdragon with a true‐breeding, white‐ flowered one. All of the F1 are pink. What does this say about the parental traits? (A)red and white are codominant (B)red shows incomplete dominance over white (C)pink is dominant, and red and white are recessive (D)red is completely dominant (E)both red and white are pleiotropic

45. Which of the following statements correctly describes how sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes differ from each other? (A)Homologous chromosomes are identical copies of each other. One sister chromatid comes from the father, and one comes from the mother. (B)They are not different.； homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids are both identical copies of each other. (C)Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. (D)Homologous chromosomes are closely associated with each other in both mitosis and meiosis. Sister chromatids are only associated with each other during mitosis. (E)Sister chromatids are only formed during mitosis. Homologous chromosomes are formed during meiosis.

1. 造成高陰離子間隙之代謝性酸中毒( high anion-gap metabolic acidosis)的常見原因，下列 何者錯誤？ (A) lactic acidosis (B) diabetic ketoacidosis (C) renal tubular acidosis (D) uremia

2. 體內電解質失衡的處置，下列何者最不適當？ (A) 低血鈉( hyponatremia )第一線治療應使用靜脈輸注生理食鹽水 (B) 高血鉀( hyperkalemia )應先檢視心電圖是否有相關電氣生理變化 (C) 高血鈣( hypercalcemia )治療應給予足夠水份，並依副甲狀腺素指標作鑑別診斷 (D) 矯正低血鈉( hyponatremia )時，血清鈉濃度每日上升不應快於 10 -12mEq /L

3. 85歲罹患頭頸癌五年的病人，BUN 30mg/dL、creatinine 2.1mg/dL、TPR 37.5℃、 98次/分、 24次/分、BP 140/98mmHg，最近表示癌症傷口疼痛，分數為8分，選用下列何種止痛劑最適當？ (A) ibuprofen (B) meperidine (C) acetaminophen (D) morphine

4. fentanyl止痛劑的敘述，下列何者正確？ (A) 抑制COX-2阻斷substance P釋放達到止痛效果，無天花板效應 (B) 依morphine靜脈使用劑量推算fentanyl的靜脈使用劑量，轉換比率約為100：1 (C) 止痛效果佳，貼片使用後立即產生藥效，可停止原使用的止痛藥物 (D) 對於手術後急性疼痛可提供穩定的血中濃度，不會出現戒斷症候群

5. 接受放射線照射的病人，皮膚出現4×5公分濕性脫屑反應，並有淡黃紅色的中量滲出液， 應使用下列何種敷料最為適當？ (A) 親水性凝膠敷料( hydrogel dressing ) (B) 親水膠體敷料( hydrocolloid dressing ) (C) 透明薄膜敷料(transparent film dressing ) (D) 聚氨酯泡棉敷料( polyurethane dressing )