44. The phrase raised an outcry in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____________.
(A) caused people to cry over something
(B) caused sad feelings
(C) caused a protest
(D) caught people’s attention

45. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the animal rights movement? (A) Animal rights activists are trying different approaches to accomplish their goals. (B) The animal rights movement is supported mostly by people who dislike scientists. (C) Animal rights activists are more interested in protecting dogs than any other animals. (D) Animal rights activists are not very successful in passing laws to protect animals. ▲閱讀下文，回答第 46 – 50 題 Is vitamin E the key to good health — preventing cancer, heart disease, and ulcers, relieving the pain of arthritis, as well as producing glowing skin, good eyesight, and other benefits? Studies have yielded contradictory findings and so far no scientific proof has been possible for any of these claims. Vitamin E is present mostly in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, whole grains, and leafy vegetables. Broccoli, tomato sauce, red peppers, carrots, and some fish are also good sources. Some vitamin E is lost in the cooking process, but not a really significant amount. According to critics of “vitamin medicine,” anyone who eats a good balanced diet has no need for vitamin E supplements. In animals, shortage of vitamin E causes sudden and obvious changes. Chickens deprived of vitamin E develop muscular weakness. Calves whose diets contain inadequate amounts of vitamin E develop heart disease. Rats that are deprived of vitamin E develop liver degeneration. Nor do they grow as quickly as healthy rats. But in humans, with one exception, there are no symptoms of any kind connected with a vitamin E deficiency. Premature infants who lack proper amounts of vitamin E sometimes develop anemia or skin rashes, but any symptoms caused by this deficiency in adult humans are either too insignificant to appear in normal tests or are simply nonexistent. A study followed subjects who maintained low vitamin E diets for six years and discovered no effects of the diets on the subjects at all. People including researchers, hold markedly different beliefs about vitamin E supplements. Some doctors take vitamin E, but don’t recommend it for their patients. Some do the reverse. Some experts think there have been too many vitamin E studies and say it’s time to quit expecting health benefits. Others say nearly all the research has been flawed and recommend starting afresh using even higher doses of vitamin E or different forms of it. The supplements industry has, of course, continued to urge people to take vitamin E supplements. However, experts say that the use and intake of vitamin E has traditionally been thought of in terms of overt vitamin E deficiency. Much less research has been done on the levels that can help create optimum health. This issue is of special importance with modern populations that have very different diets, activity levels and increased life span. You can add vitamin E pills to your morning routine if you like, but the simple fact is that almost everyone who eats a balanced diet is extremely unlikely to have a vitamin E deficiency. Thus, there is no plausible benefit to vitamin E supplementation for general health or wellness.

46. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Although vitamin E has not been proved effective in curing diseases, it does have the value of preventing diseases. (B) Most of the medical claims about vitamin E are not supported by scientific evidence. (C) There is a consensus on the benefits of vitamin E supplements. (D) Vitamin E overdose can bring about serious health problems.

47. Which of the following statements can best summarize the conclusion of this passage? (A) Vitamin E supplements are effective in preventing diseases. (B) Vitamin E supplements are indispensable for elderly people. (C) A balanced diet is probably preferable to vitamin E supplements. (D) Vitamin E supplements are effective in fighting diseases.

48. According to the passage, which of the following statements would the writer most likely agree? (A) Little research about vitamin E has been done in terms of protecting consumers. (B) Vitamin E is extremely important for general health or wellness. (C) Advertisements for vitamin E supplements are utterly deceptive. (D) Many people, including doctors, regard vitamin E as a wonder drug.

49. The word plausible in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____________. (A) practical (B) credible (C) tremendous (D) imaginative

50. In what course would this passage be assigned reading? (A) Chemistry. (B) Nutrition. (C) Psychology. (D) Biology.

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