44. Which of the following is NOT reported in the passage?
(A) Infections were the leading attributable risk factor for women in most countries examined.
(B) The PAF calculation assumes a causal relationship between the exposure and cancer risk.
(C) The 2022 PAF estimates are compared with other decades to measure prevention progress.
(D) Tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.1% of all new cancer cases globally.

45. Which policy recommendation is best supported by the passage? (A) Prioritize expansion of occupational safety standards as the dominant cancer prevention intervention. (B) Strengthen tobacco control alongside infection prevention and control as priority interventions. (C) Scale up population-based cancer screening to serve as the primary substitute for riskfactor reduction. (D) Concentrate alcohol reduction programs in high-income regions, where consumption levels are higher.

46. According to the passage, which statement correctly describes the exercise protocols? (A) HIIT used four high-intensity cycles; MICT used steady moderate exercise. (B) HIIT required longer continuous sessions than MICT each training day. (C) Both protocols were paired with formal supervised dietary restrictions. (D) MICT alternated sprint intervals with low-intensity treadmill recovery.

47. In the paragraph 3, “dyslipidemia” most nearly refers to . (A) a temporary decrease in perceived exertion during exercise (B) an abnormal lipid profile involving TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C (C) a loss of muscle strength caused by high-intensity training (D) an increase in oxygen use during recovery from exercise

48. Which statement is correct according to the passage? (A) Formal 24-hour dietary recalls allowed researchers to eliminate dietary influence. (B) MICT was superior for reducing body fat because sessions lasted seven minutes longer. (C) HIIT showed stronger body-fat reductions, with the female HIIT subgroup better. (D) The non-exercise control group proved that both interventions beat no exercise.

49. Which of the following outcomes or procedures is NOT mentioned in the passage? (A) Researchers estimated each participant’s oxygen consumption at target heart rates to equalize energy expenditure across groups. (B) Body-composition improvements were more pronounced during the first four weeks than during the final four weeks of the intervention. (C) Heart-rate monitors and ratings of perceived exertion were used to verify that participants maintained the intended training intensity. (D) Blood samples were also analyzed for fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, both of which improved significantly more.

50. Which of the following statements is NOT correct according to the passage? (A) Training sessions were scheduled three times per week on nonconsecutive days, and all sessions were conducted in the evening on a motorized treadmill. (B) To ensure a fair comparison, the two exercise protocols were executed so that participants in both groups expended a similar estimated amount of energy per session. (C) After completing the 8-week intervention, participants’ waist-to-hip ratios had dropped to the normal reference range established for Asian adults of their age group. (D) The researchers acknowledged that the absence of a non-exercise control group and the lack of rigorous dietary monitoring were notable limitations of the study

1 利用已知船位及本船所駛之航向、速率與時間，並預估風、流等之影響，所得之到達點船位，此係為下列何者？ (A)航進定位 (B)推算船位 (C)定位 (D)估計船位

2 海圖作業中，用以表示船舶之「定位」符號為下列何者？ (A)圓圈符號 (B)矩形符號 (C)三角形符號 (D)半圓符號

3 地球為一橢球體，將其赤道半徑和南北極半徑之差，再與赤道半徑所得之比值，此為下列何者？ (A) Meridional Parts (B) Ellipticity (C) Departure (D) Difference of Longitude

4 某船以航向 270°航行於南太平洋緯度 60 度的緯度平行圈，若航行距離為 300 浬，其所航行之經度差為下列何者？ (A) 2.5°W (B) 5.0°W (C) 10°W (D) 12.5°W

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