46.關於甘草的敘述,下列何者錯誤?
(A)Spanish licorice基原植物:Glycyrrhiza uralensis(Fabaceae)
(B)採集時間:秋天
(C)成分:pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins及flavonoids
(D)作用:demulcent、expectorant、flavoring agent

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統計: A(634), B(234), C(172), D(106), E(0) #3488314

詳解 (共 6 筆)

#6565635
[一次通過還願中,主要針對題目本身進行解析提供考試時的解題想法]
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(A) Spanish licorice基原植物:Glycyrrhiza uralensis(Fabaceae)
→Spanish licorice是西班牙甘草,其基源植物為Glycyrrhiza glabraGlycyrrhiza uralensis是烏拉爾甘草。[其基源尚有俄國甘草(Russian licorice)Glycyrrhiza glabar var. glandulifera]
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(B) 採集時間:秋天
→原文書資料如下:At the end of the third or fourth year, the rhizome and roots are dug, preferably in the autumn and from plants that have not borne fruit, thereby ensuring maximum sweetness of the sap. 
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(C) 成分:pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins及flavonoids
→甘草的主要成分為Glycyrrhizin(Glycyrrhizic acid),是五環三萜的皂素配糖體,其他成份包括Flavonoid glycosides(如Liquiritin)、Coumarin glycosides(如Umbelliferone)。
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(D) 作用:demulcent、expectorant、flavoring agent
→原文書資料如下:Glycyrrhiza is considered to possess demulcent(緩和) and expectorant(袪痰) properties. It is used considerably as a flavoring agent(甜味劑) and is frequently employed to mask the taste of bitter drugs such as aloe, ammonium chloride, quinine, and others; ...
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Spanish licorice基原為:Glylcyrrhiza glabra(Fabaceae)

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補考古題 A 47 有關甘草及成分之敘...
(共 341 字,隱藏中)
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甘草類同品:


洋甘草或稱歐甘草,係 Glycyrrhiza glabra L. 的根及根莖;

蘇聯甘草係G. glabra L. var. glandulifera (Waldst. et Kit.) Regel et Herder 的根,常去皮入藥;

伊朗甘草 G.glabra L. var. violacea Boiss.之商品名為波斯(Persia)甘草;

西班牙甘草G.glabra L.var. bpica L. 的根及匍匐根,產於西班牙(Spain)、義大利、英國、法國、德國、美國等。

from 常用中藥 第二版
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Glycyrrhiza 甘草 (Licorice root)
 Dried rhizome and roots 根莖
 Leguminosae / Fabaceae 豆科
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Spanish licorice) OR Glycyrrhiza glabra L. var glandulifera Waldstem et Kitaibel (Russian licorice)
 Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) 甘草素、甘草酸 (50 times as sweet as sugar 比蔗糖甜五十倍,非常甜);水解後[hydrolysis] → 1 glycyrrhetic acid + 2 glucuronic acid 甘草次甜酸 (無全不甜) 葡萄糖醛酸 [Hizin 變 Heitc]
甘草黃色來自於 Flavonoids 類黃酮 (yellow pigment) [flavous = yellow]
 Glycyrrhetic acid: pentacylic 五環 triterpene 三萜 derivative of the β-amyrin type(oleanoic acid 前驅物)
 生藥之浸膏可使用於治療消化性潰瘍及艾迪生氏病(Addison's disease)
 Flavoring agent 去苦味,甜味劑
 Facilitate absorption 介面活性劑
 Foaminess 起泡劑
 Anti-inflammatory, demulcent 潤滑 and expectorant 怯痰
 Increases fluid and sodium retention, and promotes potassium depletion 去鉀留鈉
 有 Cardiac problems and Hypertension 的人要避免 ∵Glycyrrhizin, cortisol-like
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