46. If we use ¹⁴CO₂ as a radioactive tracer to track the carbon transition, which one of the following molecule could be incorporated in the last reaction of Calvin cycle?
(A) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
(B) Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)
(C) 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)
(D) 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG)
(E) Glucose

42. Which one of the following is not related to paternity test? (A) Short tandem repeats (STRs) of DNA (B) Reverse transcription (C) Primer (D) DNA polymerase (E) PCR

43. Which one of the following organelle is not included in the endomembrane system? (A) Golgi apparatus (B) Endoplasmic reticulum (C) Proteasome (D) Lysosome (E) Nuclear envelope

44. Which are the three people awarded for Nobel Prize to the discovery of how the cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability? (A) James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, and Thomas C. Südhof (B) John O’Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard I. Moser (C) William C. Campbell, Satoshi Ōmura, and Youyou Tu (D) William G. Kaelin Jr, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Gregg L. Semenza (E) Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young

45. In temperate regions, which pigment is responsible for the red-yellow coloration seen in leaves during the color change in autumn? (A) Chlorophyll a (B) Chlorophyll b (C) Carotenoids (D) Porphyrin (E) Anthocyanin

47. Compare to the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells, which structure serve the same function in animal cells? (A) Gap junctions (B) Middle lamella (C) Hemidesmosomes (D) Tight junctions (E) Basal lamina

48. If the genus Oryza is monophyletic, which one of the following is correct? (A) Oryza all have nearly identical appearance. (B) Oryza cannot be classified in a single family or order. (C) All species of Oryza are descended from a common ancestor. (D) All species of plant are classified as being in a single order. (E) All species of Oryza grow in similar habitats.

49. Nitrogen fixation is observed in some plant species. Which one of the following statement is correct about nitrogen fixation? (A) N2 will be converted to NO3- . (B) Nitrifying bacteria are able to fix nitrogen gas. (C) This occurs in aerobic environment. (D) This may produce hydrogen gas. (E) This is catalyzed by nitrate reductase.

50. A circular 3518 bp plasmid DNA has EcoRI restriction sites at position 86 and 1435; PstI sites at position 1108 and 2950; and a BamHI site at position 2623. Which one of the following choices is not correct? (A) EcoRI digestion yields two bands in agarose gel. (B) When digestion with EcoRI and BamHI, three bands will be observed in agarose gel. (C) After digestion with EcoRI, PstI and and BamHI, five bands will be observed in agarose gel. (D) When digestion with EcoRV and PstI, only two bands will be observed in agarose gel. (E) BamHI digestion yields only one band in agarose gel.

51. Endosymbiotic events had occurred multiple times during evolution. Which one of the following organism contain endosymbiont organelles? 1. Green algae 2. Red algae 3. Chlorarachniophytes 4. Euglenids 5. Arabidopsis 6. Rice 7. Mouse 8. Human (A) 1,2 (B) 3,4 (C) 1,2,3,4 (D) 1,2,3,4,5,6 (E) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8

52. Which one of the following statement about the immune system is correct? (A) The innate immunity is found in all animals and plants. (B) The adaptive immune response is activated before the innate response and develops quickly. (C) The helper T cells recognize peptide antigens in major histocompatibility complex MHC class I molecules on dendritic cells. (D) Perforin triggers blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable. (E) The complement system provides innate defense by interfering with viruses and helping activate macrophages.