48. Competition among individuals of different species is called
(A) resource competition.
(B)basal competition.
(C)interspecific competition.
(D)intraspecific competition.
(E) commensalism.

1. Restriction enzymes are invaluable tools in gene cloning because : (A) they cut both strands of DNA at specific sites (B)they replicate the gene of interest (C)they can produce sticky ends so DNA from different sources can be joined together (D)they cut at specific sites within the DNA and produce sticky ends allowing DNA from different sources to be joined together (E) they replicate the DNA of interest, they cut at specific sites within the DNA, and produce sticky ends allowing DNA from different sources to be joined together

2. Which of the following statements is true? (A) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria matrix. (B)Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria inner membrane. (C)The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytosol. (D)The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria matrix. (E) Electron transport chain and ATP synthase are in the cytosol.

3. In the photosynthesis, NADPH is produced by (A) the Calvin cycle alone. (B)light reactions alone. (C)NADPH production is not a part of photosynthesis. (D)both light reactions and the Calvin cycle. (E) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle.

4. When receptors coupled to phospholipase C are activated, calcium levels in the cytosol increase when ______ (A) IP3 binds to ligand-gated channels on the plasma membrane, releasing calcium. (B)diacylglycerol binds to ligand-gated channels on the endoplasmic reticulum, releasing calcium. (C)phospholipase C phosphorylates the receptor leading to calcium production. (D)IP3 binds to ligand-gated channels on the endoplasmic reticulum, releasing calcium. (E) diacylglycerol binds to ligand-gated channels on the plasma membrane, releasing calcium

5. For heart muscles to beat in a coordinated rhythm ions must move from one cell to the next through ____. (A) desmosomes (B)gap junctions (C)focal adhesions (D)adherens junctions (E) hemidesmosomes 說明：一、請一律以「答案卷」作答，作答時不得使用鉛筆，違者該科答案卷不予計分； 限用黑色或藍色墨水的筆書寫。 二、考生應在答案卷上規定範圍內作答，且不得書寫任何與答案無關之文字、符 號，違者該科不予計分。 三、答案卷以每人一張為限，不得要求增補；試題與答案卷必須繳回，不得攜出 試場。

複選題6. Who discovered that DNA was the genetic material or transforming factor that could convert nonvirulent R-type Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium to the virulent S-type? (A) Weismann and Nageli (B)Griffith (C)Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty (D)Hershey and Chase (E) Watson, Crick, Wilkins, and Franklin

7. Transcription begins near a site in the DNA called the ______. (A) promoter (B)enhancer (C)response element (D)transcription unit (E) regulatory sequence

8. An mRNA that contains the coding sequence for two or more structural genes is called a (A) polyintronic mRNA (B)polyextronic mRNA (C)polycistronic mRNA (D)polyexpressive mRNA (E) polyrepressor mRNA.

9. A mutation causes a gene to become overactive, contributing to uncontrolled cell growth. Which term best describes this gene? (A) tumor-suppressor gene (B)oncogene (C)spliced gene (D)alternatively spliced gene (E) malignant gene

10. Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct? (A) The cell cycle is a sequence of replications and divisions that produces a new cells. (B)The phases of the cell cycle are G1, S, and M phases. (C)In actively dividing cells, the S and G2 phases are collectively known as interphase. (D)When the S phase of the cell cycle is finished, a cell has twice as many chromatids as the number of chromosomes in the G1 phase. (E) During G2 phase, the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division.

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