48. During the rising phase of an action potential, what is the primary event that causes the rapid depolarization of the neuron's membrane?
(A) Outflow of potassium ions (K⁺)
(B) Inflow of chloride ions (Cl^-)
(C) Rapid opening of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na⁺) allowing Na⁺ to diffuse into the cell
(D) Active transport of sodium and potassium ions by the Na⁺/K⁺ pump

44. If a human female begins taking estradiol and progesterone immediately after the start of a new menstrual cycle, how will ovulation be affected?(A) Ovulation will be stimulated early in the cycle.(B) Ovulation will be delayed or inhibited.(C) Ovulation will occur normally, but fertilization will be prevented.(D) Ovulation will become irregular, but not necessarily inhibited.

45. Which of the following is a direct consequence of biological magnification?(A) Ecosystems with higher primary productivity support larger populations of herbivores.(B) Toxic chemicals, such as PCBs, become more concentrated in organisms at higher trophic levels.(C) The total biomass decreases as you move up trophic levels in an ecosystem.(D) Species with narrow habitat requirements are more vulnerable to extinction.

46. Ruminant animals, such as cows, have specialized digestive systems that allow them to obtain significant nutrients from cellulose-rich plant material. Which of the following best describes the key adaptation responsible for this ability?(A) They have an extended small intestine for increased absorption surface area.(B) Their stomach has four chambers, with mutualistic microorganisms digesting cellulose in the rumen and reticulum.(C) They produce unique enzymes in their abomasum that directly break down cellulose.(D) They re-ingest their feces to re-process undigested plant matter, similar to coprophagous animals.

47. Which of the following is a less toxic nitrogenous waste product that mammals and most adult amphibians convert ammonia into, requiring a moderate amount of water for excretion?(A) Ammonia (B) Urea (C) Uric acid (D) Creatinine

49. The production of offspring without the fusion of gametes is known as:(A) Sexual reproduction (B) Parthenogenesis(C) Hermaphroditism (D) Asexual reproduction

50. What is the process by which an encounter with an antigen selects which lymphocyte will divide to produce a clonal population of thousands of cells specific for a particular epitope?(A) Immunological memory (B) Antigen presentation(C) Clonal selection (D) Self-tolerance

127、對內部人員調查訂購需求品項運用表單系統時,表單類型應如何 設定較為適宜?(A)單位回報、公開、具名問卷(B)無限制、非公開、 具名問卷(C)個人回報、非公開、匿名問卷(D)個人回報、公開、匿名問卷

128、以下有關報名系統的敘述何者為非?(A)國軍人員透過單位文書官申請帳號後即可運用報名系統或表單系統進行資料調查(B)會議召開前可運用報名系統上傳會議資料提供已報名人員下載(C)會議如有提供便當且提供報名系統進行報名時,駕駛亦可報名(D)召開會議或講習 時運用報名系統可取代開會通知單

1、 涉及國家安全情報來源或管道之國家機密，應永久保密。(A)O(B)X

2、 各單位於業管事項中，有應屬機密事項時，於報請核定前即應先行採取預擬機密等級之同等保密措施。(A)O(B)X