48. How long has passed between the birth of the Earth and the start of life?

(A) 80 trillion years.

(B) 8 trillion years.

(C) 80 million years.

(D) 800 million years.

44. According to this article, what are the people who were most likely killed by the eruption? (A) middle-class. (B) landowners. (C) poor people. (D) royalties.

45. What is the alternative explanation about the findings? (A) People like to put their money in real estate and sustenance. (B) commercial activities are less common than previously thought. (C) Pompeiians do not have the culture of carrying a large sum of money. (D) All of the above. Blockchain is a shared, immutable ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network. An asset can be tangible (a house, car, cash, land) or intangible (intellectual property, patents, copyrights, branding). Virtually anything of value can be tracked and traded on a blockchain network, reducing risk and cutting costs for all involved. A simple analogy for understanding blockchain technology is a Google Doc. When we create a document and share it with a group of people, the document is distributed instead of copied or transferred. This creates a decentralized distribution chain that gives everyone access to the document at the same time. No one is locked out awaiting changes from another party, while all modifications to the doc are being recorded in real-time, making changes completely transparent. Why is blockchain important? Business runs on information. The faster it's received and the more accurate it is, the better. Blockchain is ideal for delivering that information because it provides immediate, shared and completely transparent information stored on an immutable ledger that can be accessed only by permissioned network members. A blockchain network can track orders, payments, accounts, production and much more. And because members share a single view of the truth, you can see all details of a transaction end to end, giving you greater confidence, as well as new efficiencies and opportunities.

46. How does the Google Doc example help the reader understand "decentralized distribution"? (A) All users are equal. (B) All users have to wait in line to access the information. (C) Users can lock each other out from the information. (D) All users with access can view and edit the shared information.

47. Which of the following is a benefit of blockchain transactions, according to these passages? (A) immutability. (B) speed. (C) transparency. (D) all of the above. When life emerged, it did so quickly. Fossils suggest microbes were present 3.7 billion years ago, just a few hundred million years after the 4.5-billion-year-old planet had cooled enough to support biochemistry, and many researchers think the hereditary material for these first organisms was RNA. Although not as complex as DNA, RNA would still be difficult to forge into the long strands needed to convey genetic information, raising the question of how it could have spontaneously formed. Now, researchers may have an answer. In lab experiments, they show how rocks called basaltic glasses help individual RNA letters, known as nucleoside triphosphates, link into strands up to 200 letters long. The glasses would have been abundant in the fire and brimstone of early Earth; they are created when lava is quenched in air or water or when the melted rock created in asteroid strikes cools off rapidly. The result has divided top origin-of-life researchers. "This seems to be a wonderful story that finally explains how the nucleoside triphosphates react with each other to give RNA strands," says Thomas Carell, a chemist at Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich. But Jack Szostak, an RNA expert at Harvard University, says he won't believe the result until the research team better characterizes the RNA strands.

49. Why is it important to explain the origin of RNA in the search for the origin of life? (A) Its complexity demands a theory. (B) RNA is found in ancient glass shards. (C) RNA is the energy source for primordial life forms. (D) RNA is more structurally complicated than DNA.

50. How do the top scientists in the search for the origin of life feel about the discovery described in the article? (A) Everyone thinks this is true. (B) Everyone thinks this is false. (C) Some scientists are doubtful. (D) Some scientists are scared.

1. 下列對於幼兒園實施教保活動課程的敘述，何者最正確？ (A)課程可以彈性採取統整、分科、及融入式方式進行 (B)幼兒園每日應提供幼兒至少四十分鐘以上之出汗性大肌肉活動時間 (C)每學期應至少召開兩次全園性教保活動課程發展會議並可合併園務會議 (D)可以進行融入式英語教學

2. 幼兒園常採用「心理組織法」做為課程教材的組織方式，下列何者不是心理 組織法強調的重點？ (A)能滿足幼兒的興趣及需要 (B)以學生的經驗為教材出發點 (C)學習者能獲得較完整的知識 (D)課程較具彈性

3. 幼兒園常使用的「探究教學法」，主要屬於下列何種課程發展模式？ (A)目標模式 (B)歷程模式 (C)情境模式 (D)核心模式

4. 依據「幼兒園教保活動課程大綱」，下列對於「核心素養」的敘述，何者最正 確？ (A)透過統整六大領域的領域能力而來 (B)共包含七大核心素養 (C)包含知識和能力 (D)能夠根據規範覺察與調整自己的行動，屬於「覺知辨識」核心素養