48. In the first paragraph, the word reprimand means _____.
(A) reprove
(B) ignore
(C) praise
(D) stimulate
(E) probe

44. What is the best title for this short essay? (A) How Bacteria in Our Bodies Protect Our Health (B) Things that We Don’t Know about Our Bodies (C) How Technology Changes Medical Research (D) Stopping Using Antibiotics (E) The Relationship between Bacteria and the Autoimmune Disorder

45. According to the passage, what beneficial roles do microbes play? I. Some bacteria have genes that may help improve human health. II. Some bacteria may help the human body in fighting infections. III. Some bacteria may function to help fight against autoimmune disorder. (A) I only (B) III only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III

46. Which of the following does the author NOT say? (A) Scientists now find out that there are friendly and unfriendly bacteria living inside all of us. (B) Scientists believe they can now decode the mysteries of the bacteria living inside our bodies. (C) Researchers, now gaining a better understanding of bacteria, are starting to sort out who is in charge-microbes or people. (D) The discovery of beneficial bacteria will help scientists end the war against bacteria. (E) A new field of bacteria studies has opened up in recent years.

47. The main idea of the first paragraph is _____. (A) boys and girls have different learning styles (B) teachers are unaware of the differences between how boys and girls learn (C) teachers work hard to give boys and girls equal treatment (D) teachers interact differently with boys than with girls (E) girls usually do better in primary schools, but in high schools their performance falls behind boys’

49. According to the passage, when boys do poorly in school, they are likely to claim that the reason is _____. (A) they got no help from the teacher (B) they just didn't make an effort (C) they were spoiled by their parents (D) they were unable to do the work (E) they were afraid to ask for directions

50. The main purpose of this passage is to _____. (A) describe how gender differences relate to teacher-student interaction and student performance (B) provide advice to teachers about how to guide boys and girls toward greater academic success (C) persuade teachers to pay more attention to girls (D) contrast the behavior patterns of boys and girls in school (E) convince teachers to be more lenient in punishing boys

51. The tone of the last paragraph could be described as _____. (A) ironic (B) indifferent (C) concerned (D) nostalgic (E) indignant

52. From the passage, you can conclude that the author believes _____. (A) reprimanding boys in school does not result in much improved behavior (B) if elementary school teachers treated girls differently, more of them would attempt harder courses in high school (C) giving more time and attention to elementary school girls would not produce any real changes in their behavior or academic success (D) Title IX has been successful in bringing about equal treatment of boys and girls in schools (E) school teachers play a much important role than parents in shaping students’ behavior

53. The pattern of organization for the second paragraph is _____. (A) process (B) summary (C) contrast (D) description (E) argument

54. In line 2, the word unobtrusive is closest in meaning to _____. (A) noticeable (B) luxurious (C) distracting (D) inconspicuous (E) ostentatious