48. Which below does not involve in the blood clotting?
(A)Platelets
(B) Damaged cells in blood vessel
(C) Prothrombin in plasma
(D)Fibrinogen
(E)Lymphocytes match?

複選題44. For the hormone and signaling in the intercellular communication by secreted molecules, which one below best describes the signaling that the secreted molecules diffuse locally and the trigger the response of the cells? (A)Endocrine signaling (B) Autocrine signaling (C) Paracrine signaling (D)Neuroendocrine signaling (E)Synaptic signaling

45. One hormone could have different effects in different cells. For example, epinephrine acts differently in different cells. Which one below is incorrect? (A)Epinephrine binds to beta receptors of liver cells and cause the release of glucose to increase the blood sugar level. (B) Epinephrine binds to beta receptors of liver cells and cause the intake of glucose to decrease the blood sugar level. (C) Epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vessel that supplies skeletal muscle and causes the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells. (D)Epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vessel that supplies skeletal muscle and causes the contraction of the smooth muscle cells. (E)Epinephrine binds to the alpha receptors of the smooth muscle cells in wall of blood vesse! that supplies intestines and causes the relaxation of the smooth muscle cells.

46. Which pair of animal digestive tract part that secrets an enzyme and the digestive enzyme is an incorrect (A)Oral cavity - salivary amylase (B) Stomach - pepsin (C) Small intestine - nucleotidases (D)Pancreas- lipase (E)Small intestine - disaccharidases

47. Steam cells would differentiate into lymphoid and myeloid progenitor cells. Which type of cells is NOT derived from the myeloid progenitor cells? (A)B cells (B) Erythrocytes (C) Neutrophils (D)Monocytes (E)Platelets

49. In the comparison of the osmoregulation in freshwater and marine fish, which one is an incorrect statement? (A)Marine fish gain water via drinking water. (B) Marine fish excrete salt ions from gills. (C) Freshwater fish excrete water from kidneys. (D)Freshwater fish gain water via drinking water. (E) Freshwater fish intake salt ions from gills.

50. Which one is the best gene expression explanation of why the human immune system could respond to different types of pathogens (i.e., the receptor diversity)? (A)This is because there are a lot of introns in the human evolutionary history that recoded the types of pathogen genetic information. (B) This is because there are a lot of exons in the human evolutionary history that recoded the types of pathogen genetic information. (C) This is because there are many types of V segments and J segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen. (D)This is because there are many types of C segments and J segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen. (E)This is because there are many types of V segments and C segments in the Ig genes that could assemble into the antigen receptors to respond to the pathogen.

1. The law _______ that any milk-related business must be owned by Japanese. (A) interrupts (B) strangles (C) indifferents (D) stipulates

2. When the chemical explosion happened last year, many _______ conducted scientific research and thought that others would come next. (A) cooks (B) ruffians (C) pundits (D) astrologists

3. The tyrant has ruled the country for 60 years, without a(n) _______ from voters. (A) mandate (B) topple.(C) varnish (D) aviation

4. The dogs were _______ and their white fur shined in the sunlight. (A) coarse (B) sleek (C)filthy (D)stale