51. Which of the following statements about all cells is NOT true?
(A) They have membrane transport proteins.
(B) They synthesize proteins on the ribosome.
(C) They replicate their genome by DNA polymerization.
(D) They transcribe their genetic information by RNA polymerization.
(E) They use RNA as a template for genomic DNA polymerization.

47. The heterokaryotic phase of a fungal life cycle is______. (A) a stage in which the hyphae contain only one type of haploid nucleus (B) a stage in which the hyphae contain two, genetically different, diploid nuclei (C) a stage in which the hyphae contain two, genetically different, haploid nuclei (D) a stage that is diploid but functions as a gametophyte (like the body of an animal) (E) a triploid stage formed by the fusion of a diploid nucleus with the haploid nucleus of a compatible hypha

48. Regarding the biogeographic factors affecting community diversity and related theories, which is NOT true? (A) Plant and animal life are generally more abundant and diverse in the tropics than in other parts of the globe. (B) All other factors being equal, the larger the geographic area of a community, the more species it has. (C) Small islands generally have higher immigration rate. (D) The species richness of plants and animals correlates with measures of evapotranspiration. (E) An island that is closer to the mainland generally has a higher immigration rate and a lower extinction rate than one farther away.

49. Which gene might be associated with the rapid appearance of a vast array of bilaterally symmetrical and structurally diverse animals during the Cambrian explosion? (A) BRCA genes (B) Ubx genes (C) Opsin genes (D) STX16 genes (E) Hox genes

50. Assuming that 40 leopard cats, weighing 5 kg each and feeding solely on herbivorous prey, live continuously with their prey in a given area, approximately how much total biomass of plant material would be required? (A) 2,222 kg (B) 4,000 kg (C) 20,000 kg (D) 125,000 kg (E) 500,000 kg

52. Which is NOT included in the key features of the angiosperm life cycle of plants? (A) Development of embryo sacs (B) Development of male gametophytes (C) Fruits (D) Zygosporangium (E) Double fertilization

53. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is TRUE? (A) The light reaction in the thylakoids makes NADP+ to the Calvin cycle . (B) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase has a higher affinity for CO2 than rubisco does. (C) The oxygen is produced by the electron transfer system of photosystem I (PS I). (D) Photosystem II (PS II) is called P700 because of its reaction-center chlorophyll that absorbs light with a wavelength of 700 nm. (E) C4 plants only use rubisco for carbon fixation.

54. Which of the following statements about viruses is TRUE? (A) Prions replicate using host's translation machinery. (B) Reverse transcriptase in retroviruses converts host cell RNA into viral DNA. (C) A phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle is called a temperate phage. (D) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are double-stranded DNA virus. (E) Herpesvirus has single stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis.

55. About the ABC hypothesis of flowering, which set(s) of organ and gene expression is NOT true? (A) Sepals – A gene activity (B) Petals – A + B gene activity (C) Loss of A gene results in mutation of sepals and petals (D) Carpels – C gene activity (E) Stamens – A + C gene activity

56. What would account for increased urine production as a result of drinking alcoholic beverages? (A) Increased aldosterone production (B) Increased blood pressure (C) Inhibition of antidiuretic hormone secretion (ADH) (D) Increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule (E) The osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity

57. Which of the following statements about transport in vascular plants is TRUE? (A) The apoplast consists of everything internal to the plasma membranes of living cells. (B) The symplastic route for water and solutes is from outside cells through cell walls and extracellular spaces. (C) When K+ leaves the guard cells, stomata becomes open. (D) Na+ is typically cotransported rather than H+ for transport of sucrose in plant cells. (E) The movement of fluid in phloem is multidirectional in plants.