55. Which of the following is a homopolysaccharide?
(A) Chitin
(B) Chondrotin
(C) Heparin
(D) Pectin

56. Pompe disease also known as glycogen storage disease II is caused by defect in (A) Glycogen phosphorylase (B) Glycogen branching enzyme (C) Lysosomal a-1, 4-glucosidase (D) Phosphorylase kinase

57. Which of the following is not a mechanism by a body to achieve self-tolerance of the immune system? (A) clonal proliferation (B) central tolerance (C) peripheral anergy (D) clonal deletion

58. In prokaryotic translation, which of the following proteins is responsible for binding and transporting the initiator tRNA? (A) eIF2 (B) IF1 (C) IF2 (D) IF3

59. Which of the following hormones could lower blood calcium level? (A) Aldosterone (B) Renin (C) Calcitonin (D) Cortisol

60. Which enzyme is responsible for the degradation of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate? (A) Glycogen synthase (B) Glycogen phosphorylase (C) Phosphoglucomutase (D) Glucose-6-phosphatase

61. Which of the following signaling pathways are mainly activated by human erythropoietin in inducing the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow? (A) protein kinase A (PKA) (B) AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) (C) Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway (D) protein kinase C (PKC)

62. Which of the following could inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), and then reduces the production of coagulation factors? (A) melagatran (B) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (C) heparin (D) warfarin

63. During a metabolic pathway, the accumulation of a specific intermediate inhibits the activity of the pathway's first enzyme. This type of regulation is known as: (A) Competitive inhibition, where the intermediate competes with the substrate for the active site. (B) Non-competitive inhibition, where the intermediate binds to a different site on the enzyme. (C) Feedback inhibition, where the intermediate acts as a regulator of the pathway. (D) Allosteric activation, where the intermediate enhances the enzyme's activity.

64. In the context of genetic engineering, which method allows for the precise editing of specific genes within an organism's genome? (A) CRISPR-Cas9 technology that targets and edits specific DNA sequences. (B) Traditional mutagenesis techniques that induce random mutations. (C) RNA interference to silence specific gene expression. (D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify specific DNA segments.

65. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive monogenic blood disorder, caused by a single point mutation in the sixth codon of the ẞ-globin gene. What is the sixth amino acid of the ẞ-globin in SCD? (A) Glutamic acid (B) Valine (C) Aspartic acid (D) Proline

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