6. Apoptosis involves all of the following except
(A)cell-signaling pathways
(B)activation of cellular enzymes
(C) fragmentation of the DNA
(D)digestion of cellular contents by scavenger cells
(E)lysis of the cell

2. A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from (A)any kind of organism (B)a bacterium (C) nearly any eukaryotic organism (D)an animal, but not a plant (E)a multicellular organism, but not a unicellular organism

3. During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained in glucose is (A)transferred to ADP (B)transferred directly to ATP (C) stored in the NADH produced (D)retained in the two pyruvates (E)used to phosphorylate fructose to form fructose 6-phosphate

4. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells? (A)mitochondrial inner membrane (B)mitochondrial outer membrane (C) mitochondrial intermembrane space (D)mitochondrial matrix (E)cytosol

5. Caffeine is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. Therefore, the cells of a person who has recently consumed coffee would have increased levels of (A)ATP(B)cAMP(C)adenylyl cyclase(D)activated G proteins(E)phosphorylated proteins

7. Which of the following statements about steroid receptors is false? (A)The receptors are localized in the plasma membrane. (B)The receptors undergo a conformational change after binding the steroid. (C) Once the steroid binds the receptor, the steroid/receptor complexes dimerize. (D)Steroid receptors can be transported into the nucleus. (E)Steroid receptors act as transcriptional factors, regulating the expression of certain genes.  

8. Place the following events of mitosis in the correct order. I. Sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate. II. The cleavage furrow forms. III. The nuclear membrane breaks up. IV. Sister chromatids condense.  V. Sister chromatids separate. (A)I, II, III, IV, V(B)III, IV, I, V, II(C)IV, I, III, V, II(D)III, II, I, IV, V(E)IV, III, I, V, II

9. Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called (A)actins(B)tubulins(C)cyclins(D)cyclin-dependent kinases(E)growth factors

10. Which of the following statements about human sexual life cycle is false? (A)Gametes are the only haploid cells. (B)Gametes cannot divide by mitosis. (C) Gametes are the only cells produced by meiosis. (D)The zygote is the only diploid cells. (E)The zygote can divide by mitosis.

11. What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants? (A)There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas. (B)Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 generation than do dominant ones. (C) Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending." (D)Genes are composed of DNA. (E)An organism that is homozygous for many recessive traits is at a disadvantage.

12. In certain plants, tall is dominant to short. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant, what is the probability that the offspring will be short? (A)0(B)1/2(C)1/4(D)1/6(E)1