65. Pyruvate is oxidized to produce ________, which further reacts with ________ to produce ________ during the citric acid cycle.
(A) citrate; fumarate; α-ketoglutarate
(B) citrate; isocitrate; α-ketoglutarate
(C) acetyl-CoA; oxaloacetate; citrate
(D) acetyl-CoA; malate; oxaloacetate
(E) malate; citrate; acetyl-CoA

61. If a drug that specifically prevents the interaction of cytochrome c with other proteins is added to respiring mitochondria in a test tube, what effects would be observed? (A) ATP synthesis would be immediately stopped. (B) Oxygen consumption would increase. (C) Reduced cofactors (NADH/FADH2) would be accumulated. (D) Coenzyme Q would be oxidized. (E) Proton export from the matrix would increase.

62. If glucose is labeled with 14C at C-5, which of the following compounds can be found in TCA cycle first? (A) Malate labeled with 14C at C-2. (B) Isocitrate labeled with 14C at C-2. (C) α-Ketoglutarate labeled with 14C at C-5. (D) Citrate labeled with 14C at C-3. (E) Succinyl-CoA labeled with 14C at C-1.

63. Which of the following can not transport proton across mitochondria inner membrane? (A) 2,4-Dinitrophenol (B) Thermogenin (C) ATPase (D) NADH dehydrogenase complex (E) QH2 oxidase

64. Which complex in the electron-transport chain contains copper ions? (A) Complex I (B) Complex II (C) Complex III (D) Complex IV (E) None of these complexes contains copper ions.

66. Phosphate (Pi) is transported into the mitochondria from the cytosol by a phosphate carrier which is driven by the ________. (A) hydrolysis of ATP (B) simultaneous transport of H+ into the mitochondrion (C) simultaneous transport of ADP into the mitochondrion (D) simultaneous transport of H+ out of the mitochondrion (E) simultaneous transport of ATP out of the mitochondrion

67. When monosaccharide dissolves in water at 40°C, it can undergo interconversion between α and β forms automatically. Which of the following regarding the amount of each form is correct after equilibrium? (A) β-D-Ribofuranose ＞ β-D-Ribopyranose (B) α-D-Fructofuranose ＞ β-D-Fructofuranose (C) β-D-Fructofuranose ＞ β-D-Fructopyranose (D) β-D-Glucopyranose ＞ α-D-Glucopyranose (E) None of the above

68. Phospholipase C hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to form which signaling molecule that triggers Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum? (A) Diacylglycerolphosphate (DAGP) (B) Inositol 5-monophosphate (IP1) (C) Diacylglycerol (DAG) (D) Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) (E) Inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (IP2)

69. Topoisomerases: (A) can change the linking number in increments of 1 or 2. (B) can act on single-stranded DNA circles. (C) change the degree of supercoiling of a DNA molecule but not its linking number of DNA. (D) occur in bacteria, but not in eukaryotes. (E) always require energy from ATP.

70. The ion channel that opens in response to acetylcholine is an example of a ________ signal transduction system. (A) G-protein (B) ligand-gated (C) receptor-enzyme (D) serpentine receptor (E) voltage-gated

71. The energy of a photon absorbed by an antenna molecule of the photosystem finds its way to a chlorophyll molecule in the reaction center of a light-harvesting complex by a process of ________. Which of the following is the best choice? (A) electron transfer (B) fluorescence re-radiation (C) resonance transfer (D) resonance transfer and electron transfer (E) electron transfer and fluorescence re-radiation