71. Which of the following enzymes is an aspartate protease and exhibits its catalytic mechanism through the general acid-general base mechanism?

① HIV protease ② Chymotrypsin ③ Pepsin ④ Subtilisin ⑤ Elastase
(A) ①②
(B) ①③
(C) ①④
(D) ③④
(E) ③⑤

72. In the process of fatty acid synthesis, which of the following sets represents the starting material and the major irreversible enzyme, respectively? (A) Malonyl-CoA; Fatty acid synthase (B) Pyruvate; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (C) Acetyl-CoA; ATP-citrate lyase (D) Acetyl-CoA; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (E) NADPH; Fatty acid synthase

73. Which of the following enzymes are involved in the catabolism of propionyl-CoA to succinylCoA? ① 2,4-Dienoyl-CoA reductase ② Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase ③ Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase ④ Enoyl-CoA isomerase ⑤ Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (A) ①② (B) ②③ (C) ③④ (D) ③⑤ (E) ④⑤

74. Which of the following phospholipids has zwitterionic properties? ① Phosphatidylinositol ② Phosphatidylglycerol ③ Cardiolipin ④ Phosphatidylethanolamine ⑤ Phosphatidylcholine (A) ①② (B) ②③ (C) ③④ (D) ③⑤ (E) ④⑤

75. Which of the following statements correctly describes the oxidation of linoleate? (A) Linoleate has a cis-Δ9, cis-Δ12 configuration. (B) Linoleate is converted to oleoyl-CoA before entering the β-oxidation pathway. (C) Linoleate does not require any auxiliary enzymes for its oxidation. (D) Linoleate is converted to nine molecules of acetyl-CoA without any intermediate steps. (E) Linoleate is oxidized directly to acetyl-CoA by enoyl-CoA hydratase.

76. Which of the following statements about sphingomyelins is NOT correct? (A) Sphingomyelins contain phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine as their polar head group. (B) Sphingomyelins are classified along with glycerophospholipids as phospholipids. (C) Sphingomyelins have a net positive charge on their head groups. (D) Sphingomyelins are present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. (E) Sphingomyelins are especially prominent in myelin.

77. Which of the following enzymes is used in gluconeogenesis only but NOT in glycolysis? (A) pyruvate kinase (B) phosphoglycerate kinase (C) hexokinase (D) fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (E) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

78. Which of the following statements about protein is correct? ① The Gs protein has an αβγ  trimeric structure. ② The α subunit of the proteins displays GTPase activity. ③ The β subunit of the proteins has a GTP binding site.  ④ protein is involved in activating adenylate cyclase. ⑤ Binding of cholera toxin to Gs protein results in inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. (A) ①②③ (B) ①②④ (C) ①③⑤ (D) ②③④ (E) ②③⑤

79. Phenylketonuria (PKU) and Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) are both inherited metabolic disorders affecting amino acid metabolism. Which of the following best describes between these two disorders? (A) PKU is caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids, whereas MSUD elevated blood levels of acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate. (B) PKU affects the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, while MSUD involves the transamination of an amino acid. (C) PKU is due to a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase, while MSUD is caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids. (D) Both PKU and MSUD result from impaired absorption of amino acids in the intestine. (E) PKU and MSUD are both caused by defects in the same enzyme pathway but affect different amino acids.

複選題80. Which of the following statements describes P-type ATPases is NOT correct? (A) P-type ATPases are cation transporters that are reversibly phosphorylated by ATP. (B) Phosphorylation of P-type ATPases forces a conformational change that moves cations across the membrane. (C) The ATPase is a symporter for ions in animal cells. (D) P-type ATPases are sensitive to inhibition by vanadate. (E) P-type ATPases are found only in eukaryotes.

81. Which of the following has the lowest protein content (as a percentage of dry weight)? (A) Chylomicron (B) VLDL (C) IDL (D) LDL (E) HDL

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