72. Which of the following descriptions regarding DNA transcription is NOT correct?
(A) DNA transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase consisting of a multi-subunit core and a σ factor.
(B) The most common σ factor is  σ70 that binds at the promoter sequence.
(C) The consensus sequence of the promoter includes a TATA box 10 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site.
(D) Termination of RNA synthesis can be either rho-dependent or rho-independent.
(E) RNA polymerase catalyzes mononucleotide transfer to the 5’-end.

68. Which of the following statements regarding metabolism is NOT correct? (A) The metabolism can be classified as either catabolic or anabolic reactions. (B) Enzymes are usually required for cells to carry out reaction under condition of moderate temperature, pressure, and pH. (C) Glucose, fatty acids, and some amino acids are reduced to form acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle. (D) The energy of metabolism is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. (E) Reactions occur spontaneously only when the free energy change is negative.

69. Which of the following statements about membrane proteins are correct? ① Membrane proteins can be extracted from cell membrane using sodium dodecyl sulfate. ② Integral proteins can span the membrane with α-helical structure or β-sheet structure. ③ Estrogen receptor is a membrane protein. ④ The membrane proteins are not associated with membrane through glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. ⑤ The transmembrane helix of membrane proteins can be predicted from hydropathic index of amino acid sequence. (A) ①②③ (B) ①②⑤ (C) ①②④ (D) ②④⑤ (E) ①③④

70. Which following post-translational modifications would NOT be found in histone? (A) Acetylation (B) ADP-ribosylation (C) Farnesylation (D) Methylation (E) Monoubiquitylation

71. In order to analyze transcription factor-DNA interaction in gene expression, the following experiments can be conducted. ① Promoter luciferase activity assay ② Electrophoretic mobility shift assay ③ Southern blotting ④ Chromatin immunoprecipitation ⑤ DNA affinity purification (A) ①③④⑤ (B) ①②③④ (C) ①②③⑤ (D) ①②④⑤ (E) ②③④⑤ 

73. Which of the following statements regarding lipids is NOT correct? (A) Lipids are usually water soluble. (B) Fatty acids are relatively long-chain monocarboxylic acids with even carbon numbers ranging from 12 to 20. (C) Fatty acids are generally stored as complex lipids called triacylglycerols. (D) Glycerophospholipids are the major amphipathic lipid components of biological membranes. (E) Cis-form unsaturated fatty acids can change the membrane fluidity a lot.

74. Which of the following statements regarding lipid metabolism is NOT correct? (A) The degradation pathway consists of oxidation, hydration, further oxidation, and thiolysis. (B) Before that, fatty acids are activated by esterification to coenzyme A. (C) Fatty acid degradation produces large amounts of ATP. (D) Fatty acids are degraded to acetyl-CoA by the sequential removal of two-carbon fragments, a process called α-oxidation. (E) Fatty acids are usually synthesized from the acetyl-CoA.

75. Which of the followings is on the surface of a lipoprotein particle? (A) Cholesterol and phospholipids (B) Cholesterol and triacylglycerol (C) Cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol (D) Cholesteryl ester and phospholipids (E) Triacylglycerol and phospholipids

76. DNA polymerase I synthesizes new DNA with very high fidelity, due to its __________. (A) high processivity (B) 3’→5’ exonuclease activity (C) helicase association with the primase (D) 5’→3’ exonuclease activity (E) all of the above

77. Which of the following statements about urea cycle are correct? ① Urea is the end product of the urea cycle. ② Inherited defects in urea cycle cause hyperammonemia. ③ The synthesis of fumarate by the urea cycle can be used as a precursor for glucose synthesis. ④ The urea cycle begins with the formation of ornithine in mitochondria. ⑤ ATP is not consumed in urea cycle. (A) ②③④ (B) ②③⑤ (C) ①②③ (D) ①④⑤ (E) ③④⑤

78. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetics tend to compare to that of normal individuals? (A) Blood glucose levels of diabetics tend to be very stable, but at a higher level. (B) Blood glucose levels of diabetics tend to be variable and higher. (C) Blood glucose levels decrease more rapidly following a meal, often dropping lower than is tolerable. (D) Blood glucose levels average the same level in diabetics, but reach higher peaks for short periods. (E) None of the above.