78.下列抗病毒藥中,何者屬於前驅藥?
(A)Amantadine
(B)Amprenavir
(C)Oseltamivir
(D)Zanamivir
答案:登入後查看
統計: A(394), B(613), C(2054), D(322), E(0) #442638
統計: A(394), B(613), C(2054), D(322), E(0) #442638
詳解 (共 7 筆)
#1247402

oseltamivir phosphate (inactive) ---hepatic esterase---> oseltamivir carboxylate (active).
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#5177659
| (A)Amantadine | (B)Amprenavir | (C)Oseltamivir(Tamiflu) | (D)Zanamivir(Relenza) |
| 離子通道阻斷劑【氫離子阻斷劑】 | HIV Protease抑制劑 | Neuraminidase 抑制劑 | Neuraminidase 抑制劑 |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| Prodrug為Fosamprenavir(↑口服可用率) | PO(前驅藥) | 吸入/鼻腔投藥 | |
| 對稱 | Carboxylic acid group Cyclohexene | Carboxylic acid group Cyclohexene Guanidino基團 2H-pyran Glycerol side chain | |
可通過BBB 【治療Parkinson's disease】 | (可逆)抑制HIV aspartyl 蛋白酶→防止病毒顆粒成熟,形成non-infectious virus | 為Sialic acid唾液酸衍生物 →A、B型流感、呼吸道融合病毒RSV | 為Sialic acid唾液酸衍生物 →A、B型流感、呼吸道融合病毒RSV |
神經毒性、癲癇發作、網狀青斑(血管擴張下肢水腫) | 惡心嘔吐、腹瀉 | 避免使用於嚴重氣喘/慢性阻塞性呼吸道疾病的患者→呼吸痙攣 | |
不會被代謝 【原型出現在尿液中】 | CYP酵素的受質和抑制劑 | 同時具預防和治療 | 只能用於治療 |
離子通道阻斷劑【氫離子阻斷劑】:
> 抑制病毒基質蛋白的M2 channel使H無法流入,進而抑制病毒脫殼
> 治療範圍僅限於A型流感
> 黃金48小時→減輕症狀的持續時間及嚴重性
Neuraminidase抑制劑: > 機轉:病毒藉由neuraminidase釋放新形成的病毒顆粒,此類藥品則會抑制此酵素,進而抑制病毒的釋放
> 感染後24~48hrs內服藥,對症狀強度及持續時間局最佳抑制效果
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#891998
Oseltamivir INN, marketed under the trade name Tamiflu, is an antiviral licensed to prevent or slow the spread of influenza A and influenza B virus between cells in the body by stopping the virus from chemically cutting ties with its host cell. The drug is taken orally in capsules or as a suspension. Oseltamivir is a prodrug, a inactive chemical, which is converted into its active form by metabolic process after it is taken into the body. It was the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed.
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