8. The phrase “tentatively identified” is closest in meaning to
(A) identified after careful study
(B) identified without certainty
(C) occasionally identified
(D) easily identified

4. According to paragraph 3, how did scientists determine that a large meteorite had impacted Earth? (A) They discovered a large crater in the Yucatán region of Mexico. (B) They found a unique layer of sediment worldwid(E) (C) They were alerted by archaeologists who had been excavating in the Yucatán region. (D) They located a meteorite with a mass of over a trillion tons.

5. The word “excavating” is closest in meaning to (A) digging out (B) extending (C) destroying (D) covering up

6. The word “consumed” is closest in meaning to (A) changed (B) exposed (C) destroyed (D) covered

7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following statements are true of the impact at the end of the Cretaceous period EXCEPT: (A) A large amount of dust blocked sunlight from Earth. (B) Earth became cold and dark for several months. (C) New elements were formed in Earth’s crust. (D) Large quantities of nitric acid were produce(D)

9. The word “perspective” is closest in meaning to (A) sense of values (B) point of view (C) calculation (D) complication

10. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about the factors that are essential for the survival of a species? (A) The most important factor for the survival of a species is its ability to compete and adapt to gradual changes in its environment. (B) The ability of a species to compete and adapt to a gradually changing environment is not the only ability that is essential for survival. (C) Since most extinctions of species are due to major meteorite impacts, the ability to survive such impacts is the most important factor for the survival of a species. (D) The factors that are most important for the survival of a species vary significantly from one species to another.

11. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the following sentence? Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unsuspected a few decades ago. Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (A) Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts from spac(E) (B) In the last few decades, the risk of a random violent impact from space has increase(D) (C) Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly, nobody can predict when or where they will happen. (D) A few decades ago, Earth became the target of random violent events originating in outer spac(E)

12. According to the passage, who conducted investigations about the current dangers posed by large meteorite impacts on Earth? (A) Paleontologists (B) Geologists (C) The United States Congress (D) NASA

13. Look at the four letters (A, B, C, and D) that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage in paragraph 6. This is the criterion emphasized by Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Where would the sentence best fit? Impacts by meteorites represent one mechanism that could cause global catastrophes and seriously influence the evolution of life all over the planet. (A) According to some estimates, the majority of all extinctions of species may be due to such impacts. (B) Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. (C) The standard criterion for the survival of a species is its success in competing with other species and adapting to slowly changing environments. (D) Yet an equally important criterion is the ability of a species to survive random global ecological catastrophes due to impacts. Choose the place where the sentence fits best. (A) Option A (B) Option B (C) Option C (D) Option D

1. 協助輔導注意力缺陷過動症（ADHD）學生的相關策略，何者有誤？ (A)同理傾聽 (B)協助抒發情緒 (C)藥物治療 (D)避免同儕關係介入。