9) If 3 restriction sites are cut in circular DNA, how many DNA fragments will be produced?
(A) 1
(B)2
(C)3
(D) 4
(E) 5

5) A gene normally expresses a 150-amino acid-long protein. A point mutation occurs in the coding DNA of this protein, resulting in the production of an abnormal protein with 121 amino acids. What is this mutation type referred to as? (A) A silent mutation. (B) A nonsense mutation. (C) A missense mutation. (D) Conversion of a stop codon into Methionine codon. (E) Insertion of three nucleotides in the promoter region.

6) Which of the following experiments can be used to analyze RNA expression levels? (A) Southern blotting (B) Western blotting (C) Immuno-staining (D) Northern blotting (E) None of the above

7) Which of the following is NOT an example of epigenetic regulation? (A) Methylation of histones (B) A point mutation of the enhancer regions (C) Methylation of cytosines within promoter regions (D) Binding of noncoding RNAs to promoter regions (E) Conversion of heterochromatin to euchromatin

8) In eukaryotes, which of the following general transcription factors binds to the TATA box? (A) TFIIA. (B) TFIIB. (C) TFIID. (D) TFIIE. (E) TFIIF.

10) To synthesis a small RNA like gRNA in a cell, what kind of RNA polymerase should be used? (A) DNA polymerase (B) RNA polymerase | (C) RNA polymerase HI (D) RNA polymerase III (E) All of above 接次頁

11) cDNA is synthesized from RNA by which enzyme? (A) DNA polymerase (B) DNA synthetase (C) DNA kinase (D) Reverse transcriptase (E) All of above

12) Which enzyme is known to play a role in cell death? (A) Caspase (B) phosphatase (C) DNA topoisomerase (D) Reverse transcriptase (E) All of above

13) At which pH is RNA most stable? (A) pH 3-4 (B) pH 4-5 (C) pH 5-6 (D) pH 7-8 (E) All of above

14) The ratio of absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm is used to assess the purity of DNA and RNA. Which of the below values indicates the purest 260/280 ratio of DNA? (A) 1.0 (B) 1.3 (C) 1.8 (D) 2.2 (E) 3.2

15) For real time qPCR, which of the below Ct values (Cts) indicate the greatest abundance of the target nucleic acid? (A) Cts ＜ 20 (B) Cts of 25-30 (C) Cts of 30-35 (D) Cts of 35-38 (E) Cts of 38-40