9. Which of the following translational factors directly recognize a codon on mRNA?
(A) An initiation factor
(B) An elongation factor
(C) A release factor
(D) A recycling factor
(E) None of the above

1. Which of the following enzymes does NOT require ATP for its reaction? (A) DNA ligases (B) RNA polymerase (C) DNA polymerase (D) Myosin (E) None of the above

2. Which of the following statements regarding tRNA is correct? (A) There are 61 different types of tRNAs. (B) The acceptor end is on the 5' end. (C) One tRNA recognized only one codon. (D) One codon may be recognized by more than one tRNA. (E) Each tRNA folds into a unique structure for codon recognition.

3. Which of the following is regarded as a ribozyme? (A) DNA polymerase. (B) RNA polymerase. (C) ribonuclease. (D) lysozyme. (E) ribosome.

4. In bacteria, which of the following elements defines part of the ribosome binding site? (A) a promoter (B) an enhancer (C) a stop codon (D) a TATA-containing sequence (E) a Shine-Dalgarno sequence

5. Which of the following is (are) generally NOT involved during the transcription by RNA polymerase II? (A) chromatin remodeling complexes (B) a primer (C) a topoisomerase (D) transcription factors (E) capping enzymes

6. Which of the following can be found in a prokaryotic cell but not in a eukaryotic cell? (A) Co-transcriptional translation (B) Co-transcriptional splicing (C) Co-translational protein folding (D) Co-translational protein export (E) None of the above

7. Which of the following is a common feature for DNA and RNA found in the cell? (A) Formation of the structures. (B) Use of the bases. (C) Use of the 5-carbon sugars. (D) Use of the phosphates. (E) Stability.

8. One type of virus that infects bacteria is called (A) a phage. (B) a bacteria killer. (C) a lysozyme. (D) a macrophage. (E) an antibody.

10. A tumor-suppressor gene usually function in (A) induction of cell division. (B) induction of cell differentiation. (C) repression of gene expression. (D) activation of protein synthesis (E) repair of DNA damage.

11. Which of the following statements regarding viruses is NOT true? (A) Some prophage genes can cause the transformation of a nonpathogenic bacterium into a form that causes human disease. (B) An environmental signal may trigger a switch from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle. (C) The lysogenic cycle always occurs inside of host cells. (D) The lysogenic cycle typically results in the rapid lysis of all infected cells. (E) None of the above.

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