⑴ Any authority responsible for the safe and efficient flow of traffic and at the same time for the protection of the population and the environment in a certain area has a great number of instruments available to pursue these goals. Each instrument has its particular area of application but may simultaneously have a subsidiary function in other areas, thus generating added value in the process of interaction.

二、土壤沖蝕可依不同的分類標準分門別類，試詳述土壤沖蝕之分類。（20 分）

三、試說明沖蝕將造成那些資源及環境的傷害。（20 分）

四、試說明降雨與逕流沖蝕的過程與機制。（20 分）

五、今有一植被覆蓋 良好之 1 公頃山坡地，擬開發為住 宅社區，此區域水平坡長 l＝100 m，平均坡度s＝9%，降雨沖蝕指數Rm＝11533 MJ.mm.ha-1.hr-1.yr-1，土壤沖 蝕指數Km＝0.0195 ton.ha.hr.ha-1.MJ -1.mm-1，試依據水土保持技術規範第 35 條估算此 區開發前、中、後之土壤流失量。（20 分）

⑵ The pilot is in charge of the navigation of the ship while aboard and the ship’s crew is required to obey the compulsory pilot’s orders relating to navigation unless the master determines it is necessary to intercede for reasons yet to be discussed. In the presence of the compulsory pilot, a master’s responsibility is not total and forever. Both master and pilot bear an unusual degree of responsibility not only to the vessel, cargo, and crew, but also to the public.

⑴引水人執行領航業務時，應攜帶執業證書及有關證件，如遇船長索閱時，引水人 不得拒絕。

⑵港口設立船舶交通服務之目的在於加強區域內船舶航行及錨泊之安全、保護海洋 環境及維持一個有秩序之交通流。

⑴助航設施

⑵搜索與救助

⑶海事報告