7. A particle of mass m = 0.10 kg and speed v₀ = 5.0 m/s collides and sticks to the end of a uniform solid cylinder of mass M = 1.0 kg and radius R = 20 cm. If the cylinder is initially at rest and is pivoted about a frictionless axle through its center, what is the final angular velocity (in rad/s) of the system after the collision?

詳解 (共 1 筆)

助人為本
助人為本
詳解 #7418214
2026/06/24
所以這題是碰撞後黏在一起,所以是完全非彈性碰撞(非機械能守恆)的題目
但題目有說圓柱是繞無摩擦軸轉動,所以碰撞瞬間外力對轉軸的力矩為0
所以是角動量守恆
所以算碰撞前的角動量
由於粒子是打到圓柱的邊緣,運動方向近似切線方向
所以
6a3b449819a47.jpg
接下來算碰撞後的轉動慣量
6a3b44cdef3b2.jpg
6a3b44d96877d.jpg
最後一步用角動量守恆來算
6a3b4513d4e17.jpg
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所以記得關鍵口訣:碰撞黏在一起,機械能不守恒,角動量守恆