⑴作物種質資源（genetic resources）之保存及利用在品種改良上有重要之意義。但其 類型、來源繁多，為便於研究、保存及利用，有必要加以分類，試說明其可能之 分類方式。（10 分）

⑵試說明何謂核心種原（core collection）？以水稻為例，如何建立核心種原？其在種 質資源之研究、保存及利用上有何重要性？（10 分）

⑴試述作物良種繁殖的主要意義及任務。（10 分）

⑵試以水稻為例，說明水稻三級繁殖制度並如何以此維持稻種純度？（10 分）

⑴試說明引種（Introduction）和馴化（Domestication）之概念和其基本原理。（10 分）

⑵一般作物育種的主要目標性狀有那些？如何合理的制定育種目標？（10 分）

一、近年來公私協力的管理模式蔚為風潮，不過實際運作經驗也發現了許多問題。請詳 論我國公部門與私部門協力關係運作過程所遭遇到的困境？（25 分）

二、公共管理者常跳脫傳統科層組織，轉利用契約與提供資金的權力建構網絡組織 （network organization）來執行政策。請論述網絡組織模式蔚為風潮的原因？公共 管理者若要在傳統科層組織與網絡組織兩者間選擇其中之一時，考量因素有那些？ （25 分）

⑴英譯中：請將下列英文譯為中文。（12 分） Extensive research suggests that empty threats neither damage a state’s global credibility nor create pressures forcing it to follow through on those threats. Though questions of credibility are still debated by political scientists, history is littered with examples of false threats conveniently ignored. During the Cold War, the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev repeatedly threatened to seize West Berlin. But Soviet actions betrayed his threats as empty, allowing Washington and Moscow to quietly sidestep the risk of war in Germany. He never felt politically forced to invade. And few doubted Soviet credibility a few months later when Moscow tried to install nuclear weapons in Cuba — an action that spoke louder and more clearly than any of Khrushchev’s words. That is the real lesson of the Cuban missile crisis.

⑵中譯英：請將下列中文譯為英文。（13 分） 大多數的談判涉及價值觀的主張和創造兩個層面，這項事實引起了這兩種策 略與談判過程的人際層面之間的緊張關係。談判通常不會是完全屬於競爭性質 的，因為如此一來將無法產生結果或達成協議。另一方面，沒有任何談判是完全 屬於合作性質的，至少會有某種些微的競爭，主要是因為你需要設定明顯可能與 對手不同的優先考慮事項和目標。正如 Gallucci 博士於 2002 年 2 月的採訪中所 言：「所以首要之務就是弄清楚優先事項，了解什麼是根本的利益，如果有根本 利益的話，明白什麼是目標。最好能知道你在國際體系中的脈絡，誰可能站在你 這邊，誰不可能。那是最重要的事情。」

二、英文作文：請根據下面的指示，寫出一篇大約 350 字的短文。（50 分） Read the excerpt below carefully and think about the assignment that follows. The diplomatic (re)making of the world involves two layers, “order as value” and “order as fact.” What is less clear, however, is what kind of diplomatic processes and instruments can help remake the world for the “better”? For some, peaceful international orders cannot emerge without diplomats systematically addressing the deep causes of international conflict such as endemic poverty, global health disparities, undemocratic governance or lack of opportunities for human development. For others, these represent legitimate and ambitious goals but hardly feasible given the sheer complexity of the issues and the practical difficulties of mobilizing broad coalitions of actors and institutions in support of long-term projects. There is no easy formula to reconcile these two views. Short- and long-term priorities obviously need to be set, but the nature of these priorities remains a subject of intense debate. –Corneliu Bjola and Markus Kornprobst. Understanding International Diplomacy: Theory, Practice and Ethics. Assignment: Based on the excerpt, what is the essential difference between the two views on the role of diplomats in creating peaceful international orders? Do you agree with Corneliu Bjola and Markus Kornprobst that there exists “no easy formula to reconcile the two views”? In your opinion, what kind of diplomatic processes and instruments can help improve the world? Compose an essay in which you express your views on this topic. Your essay may support, refute, or qualify the views expressed in the excerpt. What you write, however, must be relevant to the topic under discussion. Additionally, you must support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.

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