一、請將下列英文譯為中文：（20 分） The reactions of structural components of the ship hull to external loads are usually measured by either stresses or deflections. Structural performance criteria and the associated analyses involving stresses are referred to under the general term of strength while deflection-based considerations are referred to under the term stiffness. The ability of a structure to fulfill its purpose may be measured by either or both strength and stiffness considerations. The strength of a structural component would be termed inadequate and structural failure would be deemed to have occurred if the material of which the component is constructed experiences a loss of load-carrying ability through fracture, yield, buckling, or some other failure mechanism in response to the applied loading.