七、某船預定前往靠碼頭,該輪為大型船隻,船長 330 公尺,本航次為空船,船尾吃水造成螺旋槳浸水率不足,現有該輪的研究報告如下,藍色為 2019年12月6日成功靠泊的軌跡,與2020 年4月6日撞倒橋式機與碼頭時的航跡,A. 試述三個其操作失敗原因為何? (6%)

二、請翻譯成中文 Spherical trigonometry plays an integral part in the practice of navigation, for both aircraft and waterborne vessels. It is the fundamental background from which the practical application of the concept of Great Circle Navigation stems from, as the shortest distance between two points on a sphere is located along an arc of a great circle. Navigation in Maritime Academies is taught to Sea Captain/students in several different courses as required/mandated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Although in modern times, voyage planning is done exclusively using electronic aids and computerized programs, such as the Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), it is still considered to be imperative for students to know the basics of manually calculating passages using the aforementioned concepts due to war risk around the world. (5%)

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