二、英翻中(25%)閱讀下列文章翻譯成中文,不必逐字翻譯,但務求不失重要意涵。(取材自WIKI百科) Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and from healthy ecosystems. Such ecosystems include, for example, agroecosystems. forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems. These ecosystems, functioning in healthy relationship, offer such things like natural pollination of crops, clean air, extreme weather mitigation, human mental and physical well-being. Collectively, these benefits are becoming known as 'ecosystem services', and are often integral to the provisioning of clean drinking water, the decomposition of wastes, and resilience and productivity of food ecosystems. While scientists and environmentalists have discussed ecosystem services implicitly for decades, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) in the early 2000s popularized this concept. There, ecosystem services are grouped into four broad categories: provisioning, such as the production of food and water; regulating, such as the control of climate and discase, se; supporting, such as nutrient cycles and oxygen production; and cultural, such as spiritual and recreational benefits. To help inform decision-makers, many ecosystem services are being valuated in order to draw equivalent comparisons to human engineered infrastructure and services.

一、心得50%美國林務署2020/12/162020年施政成果新聞稿,以200字以上說明関讀心得。 https://www.fs.usda.gov/news/releases/usda-forest-service-reflects-challenges-and-triumphs-2020 Despite challenges posed by the pandemic. the USDA Forest Service today announced it surpassed goals and set records in 2020. "2020 was a challenging year, with record wildland fire activity and the COVID- 19 pandemic. Throughout the Forest Service, we have risen above these challenges and set our minds, hands and hearts to carrying out our mission to meet the needs of the communities we serve." said Forest Service Chief Vicki Christiansen.The Forest Service relied on its strong science, innovation and partnerships to overcome this year's challenges as the agency found new solutions to serve the public during a time of unprecedented need. Creating bealthy, productive forests and supporting rural economies In 2020. the Porest Service provided jobs and stability for local economies through a year of historic timber production, selling more than 3.2 billion board feet of timber. the second highest level in 20 years. The agency also improved forest conditions and reduced wildfire risk on over 2.65 million acres. removing hazardous fuels like dead and downed trees, and combating disease, insect and invasive species infestations. The Forest Service undertook a suite of regulatory reforms to meet the goals of the Secretarial Memorandunn to the Chief of the Forest Service modernize and align agency directives with new legislative authorities and reduce regulatory burdens. By the end of December 2020. the Forest Service will have nearly completed all guidance to inplement new legislative authorities in the 2018 Farm Bill. In addition, Forest officials quickly began implementing President Trump's Great American Outdoors Act to increase access to national forests and grasslands and make progress towards reducing the agency's$5 billion infrastructure backlog. Managing wildfire, and providing for bealth and safety The Forest Service was successful in prioritizing carly suppression of wildfire ignitions while facing a record-breaking fire year, with the most acres burned on national forests since 1910. The agency's modeling research on how COVID-19 may spread between firefighters or in communities during response efforts led to new interagency safety protocols to better support fire camp management. The protocols not only successfully minimized the spread of COVID-19 among the agency's 10,000 firefighters, but early learning suggests the safety measures resulted in additional health benefits to fire crews, reducing ailments common in fire camps, which translated to a healthier and more resilient firefighting workforce available to protect lives, homes, and communities threatened by wildfire. Sharing stewardship responsibilities and being better neighbors The Forest Service made significant strides toward Shared Stewardship this year, working more closely than ever with Tribes, States. and local partners to make sure the right work happens in the right place at the right time. So far. 44 states and territories are now involved in a Stewardship Agreement. The agreements aliow the Forest Service to employ the latest tools and share decision making on the highest priorities to improve forest conditions across broad landscapes. These new agreements have resuited in increasing resiliency of forests. protection of communities and reduction of wildfire risks. They have also produced jobs and stabilize economies. Increasing access and improving recreation experiencesThis year, Americans sought out their public lands in tremendous numbers, finding relief in the Great Outdoors, showing us once again how pubic lands unite our nation. In response, the Forest Service generated solutions to ensure visitors had every opportuniy to safely use and enjoy their national forests and grasslands during the pandemic. The Forest Service welcomed record-breaking numbers of visitors, many of whom were first time users, with 95% expressing satisfaction with their experiences. "Next year, we will continue to build on these successes to improve conditions on America's national forests and grasslands to ensure they are more resilient and more productive." adided Chief Christiansen. We will keep building on the partnerships that make these successes possible and commit to increasing access to better connect people to their natural resources, so these national treasures endure for generations to come."

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