五、翻譯 (10分)

Plant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can refer to both man-made and natural processes. Plant roots, stems, and leaves have a number of mechanisms for asexual or vegetative reproduction, which horticulturists employ to multiply or clone plants rapidly, such as in tissue culture and grafting. Techniques for vegetative propagation includes air or ground layering, division, grafting, micropropagation, storage organs such as bulbs, corms, tubers, and rhizomes, and cuttings. Plant propagation is vital to agriculture and horticulture, not just for human food production but also for forest and fiber crops, as well as traditional and herbal medicine. It is also important for plant breeding.