申論題

1.請將以下英文翻譯成中文:
       The basic notion of social network theory is that people tend to think and behave similarly because they are connected. The theory examines the set of ties or linkages among a defined set of actors (individuals, groups, or organizations), with the view that the system of linkages as a whole can be used to interpret the social behavior of the actors involved (Mitchell, 1 969; Tichy, Tushman, & Fombrun, 1979). The network linkages can both connect and divide the actors. The theory enables analysis of a range of organizational phenomena at both the micro level (leadership, teams, power, trust, turnover, and so on) and the macro level (interfirm relations, alliances, network governance, and so on).
      Many of the concepts in social network theory were derived from graph theory. A graph consists of a set of points and a set of lines or edges connecting the points (Freeman, 1978/1979). In social network theory, the points are the social actors, or nodes, and the lines are the ties or linkages among the social actors. A key concept is '"centrality" (Bavelas, 1948, 1950; Leavitt, 1951), which means that being at the most center point in a social network is the most advantageous. People gain social capital through their position in social structures or social networks (Coleman, 1990; Portes, 1998; Lin, 2002).