1.Suppose that X and Yare two continuous random variables with the joint probability density function /(x.y) - x + 2y for 0 ＜x＜2 and 0 ＜y ＜ 2. The covariance of Xand Y is________.

2.A random variable X has a mean p = 5 and variance σ2 = 36. Based on Chebyshev's inequality, a lower bound on Pr(-7＜X＜ 17)is____________.

3.Suppose that X is a father's height, Y is a mother's height, Z is a child's ultimate height (as an adult), and G is delined as: G = I if the child is a boy and G = -I ifthe child is a girl. Let M = (X+ Y)/2. Suppose that, conditional on known values of G, X, and Y, Z has a continuous uniform distribution with range [M -5 +3G, M + 5 + 3G]. If a girl's father is 4 inches taller than her mother, the probability that she will grow to be taller than her mother is__________.

4.A manufacturer of car tires claims that his tires will last, on the average, 4 years with a standard deviation of 1 year. Given that 5 of these tires have lifetimes of 2.1, 2.2, 3.0, 3.6, 4.1 years, if someone wants to test whether his tires have a standard deviation of1 year, the figure of the appropriate test statistic is equal to__________.

5.You are going to carry out an experiment to determine whether surface finish has an effect on the endurance limit of steel. It is expected that polishing increases the average endurance limit. In such an experiment, you want to detect that polishing fails to have an effect with a probability of 0.99 (i.(E), a = 0.01) and you also want to detect a change in the average endurance limit of 700 units by a probability of at least 0.9. If it is known that the standard deviation of the endurance limit of the steel is 420 units, then the sample size that would be needed to perform this experiment is____________ . Assume that for a = 0.01, Za = 2.5 and forβ -0.10, 2β- 1.5.

6.How large a sample must be taken in order that you are 95 percent certain that is within 0.5 of the standard deviation of the mean?____________.

7. Ten trials are conducted of a given system with the following results: S, S, F, S, S, S, F, S, S, S ("S" represents success and "IF" represents failure), assuming that the trials are independent of each other. The maximum likelihood estimate of the probability of successful operation is___________.

8.At the beginning of the schoo! year, the mean score of a group of 49 sixth-grade students on an achievement test in reading was 70 with an unbiased sampie variance of 36. At the end of the school year, the mean score on an equivalent form of the same test was 74 with an unbiased sample variance of 25. The correlation between scores made on the initial and final testing was 0.6. To test whether the mean scores on these two exams are significantly different based on the Student t-test, the figure of the test statistic is equal to___________.

38.文獻中常以二鉻酸溶液來分離不屬於黑碳的物質，從圖17的結果，回答下列問題：甲、 乙、丙三種溶液中的二鉻酸濃度大小關係為何？（2分）  

40.若黑碳沉降到極區冰川表面，對冰雪消融速率有何種影響？填入適當的詞彙。（2分） 冰雪消融速率會____________

45.若此海岸海階的形成主要由偶發大地震事件所引起，假設在兩次大地震之間無明顯抬升 與海水面高度變化，請依下列坐標軸與表3的數據，畫出此海岸T0到T3期間，最符合上 述地體抬升情形之累積高程（縱軸）隨時間（橫軸）的變化圖（2分）。注意：由大地震 引起的快速抬升，和緩慢抬升是有所不同的。並列式計算此海岸T0到T3期間的平均抬升 速率（單位為mm/年，計算至小數點第一位）（2分）。

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