申論題

2. 請依照 108 學年度實施之十二年國民基本教育「英語文課綱」, 將下列文章出一份「混合題型」 的試題, 共出三題,每題題目後, 必須附上答案。 ………………………………………………………………………………………. (學生試題說明)作答說明：第1至3題為題組，請根據文章之文意選出或寫出一個最適當的答案，請 畫記或填寫在答題卷之作答區。 (學生試題說明)第 1 至 3 題為題組 How Much Coffee Can I Safely Drink? Health experts share how much coffee is safe to drink and how to find your limit based on several factors, including health. When it comes to coffee, there tends to be two types of drinkers. There are those who get jittery after drinking half a cup and those who can drink an entire pot and still fall asleep at night. Chances are if you identify with the latter, you’ve probably thought about whether this is a healthy habit. It’s easier to gauge if you’re having one too many cups if you feel its adverse effects. But what if you don’t? How can you tell if you’re drinking too much coffee? According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Dietary Guidelines, most people probably shouldn’t drink an entire pot of coffee a day. “For the majority of healthy adults, consumption of up to 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine a day appears to be safe,” says Lana Nasrallah, MPH, RD, LDN, clinical dietitian at UNC Health in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. “To put that in perspective, 4 to 5 cups of brewed coffee has just about 400 mg of caffeine.” FYI, that’s 8-ounce servings, and chances are you’re drinking 12 or 16 ounces at a time if you’re buying from your local coffee shop. Therefore, you would reach that limit much quicker. As it turns out, though, exactly how many cups of coffee you can safely drink depends on a few things. This includes how sensitive you are to caffeine, whether or not you have any health conditions that don’t mix well with the stimulant, and how your coffee is brewed. Caffeine sensitivity “There is wide variation in how sensitive people are to the effects of caffeine,” says Nasrallah. For some people, even one cup of regular coffee a day can cause uncomfortable effects like restlessness, jitteriness, nervousness, and sleep interruptions. On the other side of the spectrum, some people may tolerate well over the recommended limit, feeling no adverse effects, says Mary M. Sweeney, MS, PhD, assistant professor in the Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore. “There are many factors that may contribute to individual differences in caffeine response,” Sweeney adds. “For example, people may have genetic differences that result in variations in the liver enzyme systems responsible for metabolizing, or breaking down, caffeine in the body. As a result, caffeine may be metabolized more quickly by some people than others, meaning it has less of a chance to linger in the body and cause pharmacological effects.” 1. 2. 3.