2. 請將以下短文翻譯成英文。(50%)
【摘錄自:交通部,智慧運輸系統發展建設計畫(106-109年)]
傳統的公共運輸由於在旅次起點到迄點間經常面臨需要轉乘、等候、購票等等阻礙,也可
能因為路網普及率不足的問題,而無法抵達目的地,相較於私人運具之可及性與便利性,無法產
生足夠有效的吸引力,而逐漸流失其乘客。在物聯網、共享經濟及行動通訊與裝置普及的今日,
創新性的服務例如 Mobility as a Service (MaaS)及On-demand mobility已成為交通運輸發展趨勢,
期望藉由個人化整合運輸服務模式,以降低私人車輛之持有及使用。

1. 請將以下短文(含標題)翻譯成中文。(50%) (Source: The Advent of AI in the Transportation Industry, by Rahul Jalali) A primary application of Al in general (and ChatGPT in particular) in the transportation industry is in sales and customer service functions. With the help of ChatGPT, transportation companies can provide their customers with personalized and responsive service. Our employees can answer customer queries with disparate data pulled for them into one place in real-time, such as providing information on exceptions, schedules, price and routes. AI can help humans take Customer Experience to the next level! Another important AI application for the transportation industry is in logistics and supply chain management. Leveraging AI in their technology solutions, transportation companies can optimize their supply chain operations and improve efficiency. It can also be used to help predict demand, optimize routes and even predict maintenance requirements, allowing us to have a wealth of data at our fingertips and making us more predictive.

2. 請將以下短文(含標題)翻譯成英文。(50%)【摘錄自:臺灣 2050 淨零轉型「運具電動化及無碳化」關鍵戰略行動計畫】淨零排放已成為全球趨勢,且温室氣體的排放與人類生活息息相關,迫使人們必須重視該項議題,並且為保衛地球共同負擔責任・運輸部門領域,配合綠運輸净零排放路徑藍圖規劃,透過機關輔導及行為改變辅助措施,促使跨層級及跨族群之生活型態、運輸行為改變與產業轉型,營造彈性多元、低排碳、滚動調整奥永绩之交通運輸環境,培養低碳韌性之社經體系。

1. 請將以下論文摘要(包含標題)翻譯成中文。(50%)Balancing competition and cooperation: Evidence from transatlantic airline marketsIn the last two decades, airline alliances were not only successful in extending the size of their networks, but also received approvals by public authorities to intensify their cooperation up to merger-like revenue-sharing joint ventures (JVs). We empirically investigate the impact of the implementation of such joint ventures on both the respective airlines' network structure and their productive efficiency. Using U.S. DOT T100 International Segment data and applying airline-market fixed effects models, we find that joint ventures — compared to services with a lower degree of cooperation — lead to a 3–5 percent increase in seat capacity between the respective partner airlines’ hub airports； however, this is done at the expense of services elsewhere in the network. Productive efficiency, as measured by load factors, is found to be 0.5–5 percent lower for joint venture routes compared to routes operated under antitrust immunity only.

2. 請將以下短文翻譯成英文。(50%)偏鄉地區特性為人口密度低、旅次目的分散及旅次長度較長，因此難以提供高密度的公車路線及班次服務。然而，在都會化與數位化浪潮下，偏鄉地區多屬於經濟發展相對弱勢區域，人口結構有集中於高齡與幼齡兩極化之現象，公共運輸服務之乘客屬性多為老人、學生、經濟弱勢族群等受限搭乘者 (Captive Rider)，其運具替代性相對較少，多以公車為主要運輸服務。此外，亦有部分偏鄉地區因為公車站牌太遠或沒有路線行經，導致民眾聯外通勤、就醫及就學必須被迫使用私人運具，剝奪了沒有汽車或無法開車者的行動權利。【摘錄自：交通部，智慧運輸系統發展建設計畫 (106-109 年)】

1. 請將以下短文翻譯成中文。(50%)Transfers in large multimodal public transport networks are almost inevitable. One or more transfers are made for trips in many of the major cities around the world: 30% of trips in London, 80% in New York, 70% in Munich, 40% in Paris and 50% in Melbourne. However, public transport users often link transfers with inconvenience. Inconvenient interchanges can disrupt passengers' travel giving a negative travel experience and reduce public transport's competitiveness as compared to the car which provides a door-to-door service. For example, passengers, particularly commuters and business users, would prefer to select fast and direct routes for their journeys. An assessment of public transport transfer options and suggestions for the improvement of interchange within large multimodal networks can not only improve the quality of public transport but will enlarge its network effects.

2. 請將以下短文翻譯成英文。(50%)道路交通安全一直是我國道路主管機關持續關注的課題，世界各國也無不以改善道路交通安全為焦點目標。交通事故是全球第九大死因，每年約有 125 萬人死於道路交通事故，更有數千萬人因而受傷，並造成全球平均約 3% 的 GDP 損失。相關研究更指出，每減少 10% 的交通事故死亡人數可以增加約 3.6% 的 GDP 成長。由此可知，道路交通事故不但帶給事故當事人及其家庭極大之傷痛與損失，對國家及社會亦帶來不可忽視之經濟與國力傷害。

1. 請將以下短文翻譯成中文。(50%)In recent years, the increasing number of private vehicles has made public transport development moreimperative because of traffic congestion problems, safety issues, oil vulnerability, and environmentalpollution. A well-developed public transport system can deliver broad economic and social benefits tocommunities, including cost savings associated with reduced traffic congestion, improved productivitythrough job creation, competitiveness and livability. However, the growth and development of publictransport is heavily conditioned on available funding sources, and traditional funding sources such asdeclining fuel taxes or general taxation seem to be inadequate to meet the demands for sustainable publictransport development.

2. 請將以下短文翻譯成英文。(50%)配合 5G、人工智慧 (AI)、大數據等新興科技應用於交通，讓交通服務更貼近人民需求的發展趨勢，政府自 110 年起再推出第二期「智慧運輸系統發展建設計畫」，將挹注近 43 億元升級運輸服務並帶動交通產業生機。計畫的目標是將智慧交通數據技術與服務就定位，並發展國家核心路網數位基礎建設，同時導入跨運具整合、迎接運具共享趨勢；同時將 AI 結合交通應用，打造創新交通科技實驗場域。另外，也期運用智慧運輸，解決城鄉差距，照顧偏鄉弱勢者。

1. 請將以下短文翻譯成中文。(50%) The Vulnerability and Resilience of the Global Container Shipping Industry Intermodal shipping containers, standardized and capable of being carriedon trucks, trains, barges, or ships, have transformed the global economy sincethey were introduced in 1959. By allowing previously separated segments ofregional and global transport systems to interact, they have vastly expandedglobal trade and facilitated supply chains that, stretch around the world. Butvulnerabilities in the system became apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic.Problems at key bottlenecks in the system, compounded by an unexpected six-day shutdown of the vital Suez Canal, precipitated global disruptions leading toshortages of goods and soaring prices around the world. As the global shippingindustry recovers, it will have an opportunity to transition toward a system thatis more resilient.

2. 請將以下短文翻譯成英文。(50%)臺灣擁有良好發展自行車的環境,騎乘自行車的風氣亦日漸盛行,未來政府除將繼續打造更友善、安全、永續的自行車騎乘文化與環境,擴展更多國際化自行車路線和特色旅遊活動,帶動觀光旅遊與自行車產業發展外,亦將朝建構通勤使用的自行車道方向努力,以方便民眾通勤及上下學使用,並讓全國自行車道路網更完整綿密,滿足民眾交通、運動遊憩需求,進而達成讓臺灣成為「自行車騎乘大國」的目標。【摘錄自:行政院重要政策,環島自行車道升級計畫—打造臺灣為自行車騎乘大國】

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