23. Alternation of generations

46. What is the evolved biological function of the CRISPR/Cas system in bacteria? How does the CRISPR/Cas system work in gene editing? 

47. Allopatric populations of two different Darwin's finches show similar beak morphology. However, there are signs of character displacement in sympatric populations of these two species. What does "character displacement" mean? What is the most likely driving force for character displacement?

21. Net primary production

22. Endemic species (特有種)

24. Okazaki fragment

25. Endotoxin

三、簡答題26. Briefly describe the two reactions of photosynthesis and the key products of each reaction.

27. Differentiate between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and function.

問答題 1. The human body responds to the introduction of a foreign antigen by initiating the production of antigen-specific antibodies through a mechanism known as "Clonal Selection." This process encompasses a primary response and a secondary response. Please elaborate on the events occurring in each response and provide a comparison of the quantity of antigen-specific antibodies produced during these distinct phases.

2.Please describe an action potential, including the triggering and changes in membrane potential and ionic fluxes across the membrane. If the amplitude of an action potential is lower than normal, what can be going wrong?